Large number of imported chikungunya cases in mainland France, 2014: a challenge for surveillance and response

Paty, Marie-Claire; Six, C.; Charlet, F.; Heuzé, G; Cochet, Amandine; Wiegandt, Axel; Chappert, Jean-Loup; Dejour-Salamanca, Dominique; Guinard, A.; Soler, P.; Servas, V; Vivier-Darrigol, M.; Ledrans, Martine; Debruyne, Monique; Schaal, O; Jeannin, Charles; Helynck, B; Leparc-Goffart, Isabelle; Coignard, B.

doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es2014.19.28.20856

Cited by 54 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Transmission in this area seems to be only possible during the warm seasons. The vector is spreading to new areas, as reported in France [67,68], where a recent study confirmed the high efficiency of temperate Ae. albopictus to transmit CHIKV [69•].…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Chikv By Continentsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…The Caribbeans are an area with frequent connecting flights among the islands and to mainland America and Europe, considering that more than 10 million international visits are reported each year by WTO, of which 25 % from Europe [77]. In fact, in 2014, a significant increase of CHIVK imported cases from the Caribbeans was reported in France and in Spain [68,78]. Local transmission of CHIKV in the Caribbeans was very effective.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Chikv By Continentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In case a locally acquired case is confirmed, active case finding is immediately started and entomological investigations, as well as vector control measures, are intensified. Information and education activities about personal protection and reduction of mosquito breeding sites should be an essential component of any DENV and/or CHIKV control programme [68]. Moreover, considering that the control of Ae.…”

Section: Surveillance In Non-endemic Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergence and Surveillance of Chikungunya

et al. 2015

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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, causes a disease characterised by fever, headache, skin rash, myalgias and severe arthralgias: the latter can persist for years. Following the first report in Africa in 1952, sporadic epidemics have been registered in Africa and in Asia before 2000. Since 2005, huge outbreaks have been reported, caused by globalisation (increasing displacement of humans and mosquitoes) and by an evolutionary success related to the adaptation of CHIKV to the mosquito vector: Therefore, CHIKV spread also in Europe, Oceania and the Americas. In endemic areas, seroprevalence studies could contribute to early detection of epidemics and to have a real picture of the burden of this disease. In temperate areas where Aedes aegypti and/or Aedes albopictus are present, CHIKV control measures require surveillance of imported and autochthonous cases, rapid diagnosis to detect local outbreaks and entomological surveillance.

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Section: Epidemiology Of Chikv By Continentsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Epidemiology Of Chikv By Continentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surveillance In Non-endemic Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergence and Surveillance of Chikungunya

et al. 2015

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“…In October 2013, two laboratory-confirmed, autochthonous CHIKV cases were detected in the French territory of Saint Martin Island, in the Caribbean Sea (102). Surprisingly, the CHIKV strain isolated belonged to the Asian genotype rather than (20,58,109).…”

Section: Vectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global epidemiology of Zika and Chikungunya virus human infections

et al. 2017

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Zika virus was discovered in 1947. The first reported case of Zika fever was in a sentinel rhesus monkey in Uganda in 1947, while the first human cases were reported in Nigeria in 1954. Since the first evidence of human infection, Zika was active in several countries in Africa and Asia, as sporadic cases and serological evidence of Zika human infections have been demonstrated in several reports. The outbreak of Zika in Yap Island in 2007 is considered the first emergency of this infection. Since then Zika has spread worldwide with a large ongoing epidemic in South and Central America. A huge concern nowadays is about the relationship between Zika infection and microcephaly and about the sexual transmission of the virus. The first identified outbreak of Chikungunya human infection, with an incidence estimated at 23%, was reported from July 1952 to March 1953 in the Southern Province of the current Tanzania. Since then Chikungunya circulated mainly in continental Africa with limited outbreaks. The virus started to spread east bound involving most of the areas surroundings the Indian Ocean. In 2004/2005 a large outbreak developed in La Reunion a French territory in the Indian Ocean: from this point Chikungunya spread to India and from there, due a viraemic traveller returning from Kerala, to Italy where in the summer of 2007 the first outbreak with local viral transmission in a temperate climate zone occurred. In the following years Chikungunya moved to the Caribbean and South America. Recently also the USA experienced the spread of this virus and a limited outbreak based again on local spreading occurred in the French Department of Var, in August 2017.

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“…The mosquito vector, Aedes albopictus, first introduced in southern France in 2004, was established in 18 districts in 2014 [3]; and the virus is regularly introduced by viraemic travellers returning from endemic or epidemic countries to mainland France where the population is naive for chikungunya virus (CHIKV). This situation led to a first episode of autochthonous transmission of chikungunya in south-east France in 2010 [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chikungunya outbreak in Montpellier, France, September to October 2014

et al. 2015

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In October 2014, an outbreak of 12 autochthonous chikungunya cases, 11 confirmed and 1 probable, was detected in a district of Montpellier, a town in the south of France colonised by the vector Aedes albopictus since 2010. A case returning from Cameroon living in the affected district was identified as the primary case. The epidemiological investigations and the repeated vector control treatments performed in the area and around places frequented by cases helped to contain the outbreak. In 2014, the chikungunya and dengue surveillance system in mainland France was challenged by numerous imported cases due to the chikungunya epidemic ongoing in the Caribbean Islands. This first significant outbreak of chikungunya in Europe since the 2007 Italian epidemic, however, was due to an East Central South African (ECSA) strain, imported by a traveller returning from West Africa. Important lessons were learned from this episode, which reminds us that the threat of a chikungunya epidemic in southern Europe is real.

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Large number of imported chikungunya cases in mainland France, 2014: a challenge for surveillance and response

Cited by 54 publications

References 9 publications

Emergence and Surveillance of Chikungunya

Emergence and Surveillance of Chikungunya

Global epidemiology of Zika and Chikungunya virus human infections

Chikungunya outbreak in Montpellier, France, September to October 2014

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