Large magnetic fields generated by <i>z</i>-pinch flux compression

Appartaim, Richard; Dangor, A.E.

doi:10.1063/1.368631

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Radial-compression ratios of 40-45 have been reported in an experimental configuration similar to the one analyzed here; that is for a multi-shell, gas-puff implosion [22,9]. At the higher end, a radialcompression ratio in excess of 120 has been reported for an extruded-shell Z-pinch [23]. So the compression ratio reported here is reasonable.…”

supporting

confidence: 60%

Instability Control in a Staged Z-pinch

Wessel¹

2011

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supporting

confidence: 60%

Instability Control in a Staged Z-pinch

Wessel¹

2011

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“…Several radial bounces of the plasma occurred. At a similar current Appartaim and Dangor [682] compressed a 0.3 T field to 38 T in 2 µs, a factor of 126. The Z-pinch was initially either a thin cylindrical surfactant film or a uniform gas fill, the latter giving the best flux compression.…”

Section: Compression Of Axial Magnetic Field; the Z-pinchmentioning

confidence: 98%

A review of the denseZ-pinch

Haines

2011

Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

388

184

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The Z-pinch, perhaps the oldest subject in plasma physics, has achieved a remarkable renaissance in recent years, following a few decades of neglect due to its basically unstable MHD character. Using wire arrays, a significant transition at high wire number led to a great improvement in both compression and uniformity of the Z-pinch. Resulting from this the Z-accelerator at Sandia at 20 MA in 100 ns has produced a powerful, short pulse, soft x-ray source >230 TW for 4.5 ns) at a high efficiency of ∼15%. This has applications to inertial confinement fusion. Several hohlraum designs have been tested. The vacuum hohlraum has demonstrated the control of symmetry of irradiation on a capsule, while the dynamic hohlraum at a higher radiation temperature of 230 eV has compressed a capsule from 2 mm to 0.8 mm diameter with a neutron yield >3 × 10 11 thermal DD neutrons, a record for any capsule implosion. World record ion temperatures of >200 keV have recently been measured in a stainless-steel plasma designed for Kα emission at stagnation, due, it was predicted, to ion-viscous heating associated with the dissipation of fast-growing short wavelength nonlinear MHD instabilities. Direct fusion experiments using deuterium gas-puffs have yielded 3.9×10 13 neutrons with only 5% asymmetry, suggesting for the first time a mainly thermal source. The physics of wire-array implosions is a dominant theme. It is concerned with the transformation of wires to liquid-vapour expanding cores; then the generation of a surrounding plasma corona which carries most of the current, with inward flowing low magnetic Reynolds number jets correlated with axial instabilities on each wire; later an almost constant velocity, snowplough-like implosion occurs during which gaps appear in the cores, leading to stagnation on the axis, and the production of the main soft-x-ray pulse. These studies have been pursued also with smaller facilities in other laboratories around the world. At Imperial College, conical and radial wire arrays have led to highly collimated tungsten plasma jets with a Mach number of >20, allowing laboratory astrophysics experiments to be undertaken. These highlights will be underpinned in this review with the basic physics of Z-pinches including stability, kinetic effects, and finally its applications.

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“…1). Creating high magnetic fields by magnetic-flux compression has been pursued over several decades, for example, by imploding Z-pinches [21][22][23][24] or metal liners driven either electromagnetically 25,26 or with high explosives. 27 In ICF, the required magnetic fields for magnetization of a hot spot can be produced by 100-to 1000-fold compression of an $100-kG seed magnetic field.…”

Section: Magnetic-flux Compressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inertial confinement fusion implosions with imposed magnetic field compression using the OMEGA Laser

et al. 2012

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Experiments applying laser-driven magnetic-flux compression to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets to enhance the implosion performance are described. Spherical plastic (CH) targets filled with 10 atm of deuterium gas were imploded by the OMEGA Laser, compare Phys. Plasmas 18, 056703 or Phys. Plasmas 18, 056309. Before being imploded, the targets were immersed in an 80-kG magnetic seed field. Upon laser irradiation, the high implosion velocities and ionization of the target fill trapped the magnetic field inside the capsule, and it was amplified to tens of megagauss through flux compression. At such strong magnetic fields, the hot spot inside the spherical target was strongly magnetized, reducing the heat losses through electron confinement. The experimentally observed ion temperature was enhanced by 15%, and the neutron yield was increased by 30%, compared to nonmagnetized implosions [P. Y. Chang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 035006 (2011)]. This represents the first experimental verification of performance enhancement resulting from embedding a strong magnetic field into an ICF capsule. Experimental data for the fuel-assembly performance and magnetic field are compared to numerical results from combining the 1-D hydrodynamics code LILAC with a 2-D magnetohydrodynamics postprocessor.

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Large magnetic fields generated by z-pinch flux compression

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Instability Control in a Staged Z-pinch

Instability Control in a Staged Z-pinch

A review of the denseZ-pinch

Inertial confinement fusion implosions with imposed magnetic field compression using the OMEGA Laser

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