2023
DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207967
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Large Language Models in Neurology Research and Future Practice

Michael F. Romano,
Ludy C. Shih,
Ioannis C. Paschalidis
et al.

Abstract: Recent advancements in generative artificial intelligence, particularly using large language models (LLMs), are gaining increased public attention. We provide a perspective on the potential of LLMs to analyze enormous amounts of data from medical records and gain insights on specific topics in neurology. Additionally, we explore use cases for LLMs such as early diagnosis, supporting patient and caregivers, and acting as an assistant for clinicians. We point to the potential ethical and technical challenges rai… Show more

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Cited by 9 publications
(3 citation statements)
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References 46 publications
(55 reference statements)
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“…Our analysis also confirms the insights from Muga and Baradziej, who stress the need for a balanced approach to the use of AI that maintains high ethical standards while exploiting the efficiency gains offered by LLMs [5,29]. The potential for AI to enhance educational practices, as seen in the work of [34], must be weighed against the need for human oversight and critical thinking, as suggested by [36,72].…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 77%
“…Our analysis also confirms the insights from Muga and Baradziej, who stress the need for a balanced approach to the use of AI that maintains high ethical standards while exploiting the efficiency gains offered by LLMs [5,29]. The potential for AI to enhance educational practices, as seen in the work of [34], must be weighed against the need for human oversight and critical thinking, as suggested by [36,72].…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 77%
“…LLMs are GAI algorithms that harness deep learning and vast data sets to process, summarize, generate, and predict linguistic content [ 6 ]. In this paper, we argue that the emergence of GAI is more than just a technical evolution; it is a paradigm shift with deep social and psychological implications [ 7 8 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Large language models (LLMs) are a form of artificial intelligence able to produce meaningful language outputs from general-purpose language inputs . Several powerful LLMs are freely available, including GPT-4, Bard, and Claude 2…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%