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The article presents the directions and results of breeding work of FSBSI Federal Scientific Centre for Vegetable Growing for improved biochemical composition of vegetable crops. The gene pool of traditional and rare vegetable crops is evaluated by their antioxidant properties, the best samples with high content of dry matter, sugars, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, macro- and microelements are selected as the starting material for further breeding for improved biochemical composition. Especially valuable in this direction are cabbages, onions, pumpkins, nightshades, root crops, greens and low-spreading crops. It is shown that in recent years there has been considerable interest in the food use of seedlings of various vegetable crops. Scientists and breeders are increasingly turning to wild species as sources of new material to expand the genetic basis of crops to enhance their antioxidant status, adaptive potential and resistance to biotic stresses, such crops include chervil, ornamental onions, spicy-flavored crops and others. It is shown that breeding vegetable crops for improving the biochemical composition of fruits has great prospects, since the introduction into production of varieties and hybrids with high antioxidant status will increase their food and medicinal value without additional costs of irreplaceable energy sources and will serve as the basis for creating functional products. Functional foods should be obligatory on the market alongside traditional foods, as they can complement traditional ones by acting as a kind of medicinal or preventive remedy.
The article presents the directions and results of breeding work of FSBSI Federal Scientific Centre for Vegetable Growing for improved biochemical composition of vegetable crops. The gene pool of traditional and rare vegetable crops is evaluated by their antioxidant properties, the best samples with high content of dry matter, sugars, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, macro- and microelements are selected as the starting material for further breeding for improved biochemical composition. Especially valuable in this direction are cabbages, onions, pumpkins, nightshades, root crops, greens and low-spreading crops. It is shown that in recent years there has been considerable interest in the food use of seedlings of various vegetable crops. Scientists and breeders are increasingly turning to wild species as sources of new material to expand the genetic basis of crops to enhance their antioxidant status, adaptive potential and resistance to biotic stresses, such crops include chervil, ornamental onions, spicy-flavored crops and others. It is shown that breeding vegetable crops for improving the biochemical composition of fruits has great prospects, since the introduction into production of varieties and hybrids with high antioxidant status will increase their food and medicinal value without additional costs of irreplaceable energy sources and will serve as the basis for creating functional products. Functional foods should be obligatory on the market alongside traditional foods, as they can complement traditional ones by acting as a kind of medicinal or preventive remedy.
The tomato culture is the leader in terms of cultivation area and production volume among food products of plant origin. Fruits contain a variety of minerals, sugars, fats, vitamins.The goal of the study and study of economic characteristics: yield, marketability, average weight of fruits, weight of 1000 pieces. seeds and seed productivity of tomato varieties of two varieties, created by Astrakhan breeders and the use of the results obtained in planning seed production and the development of sale and purchase prices for varietal seeds to provide large farms, summer residents and owners of private farms with domestic seeds for the purpose of import substitution and suitable for various uses.Methods. The experiments were carried out in the fields of Precaspian agrarian federal scientific center of the Russian academy of sciences according to well-known methods. Studied 9 salad and 7 for mechanized harvesting varieties of tomato.Results. The article presents the results of studying the economic qualities and seed productivity of tomato varieties of two types, differing in shape, size, weight, fruit color and directions of use. The first group includes large-fruited salad varieties with non-cracking fruits, which are well stored and transported in brown maturity with an average fruit weight of 100-200 g or more. The second group – with plumshaped and elongated fruits, the average weight of which is 75-100 g, very dense, characterized by suitability for long-term transportation, and in terms of strength they are not inferior to foreign varieties and hybrids. The shape and weight of fruits of varieties of both groups are different, the yield and marketability of varieties is quite high, but the weight of 1000 seeds and seed productivity does not depend on these indicators, but is individual for each variety.
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