Large Fluctuations in Body Weight During Young Adulthood and Twenty-Fwe-Year Risk of Coronary Death in Men

Hamm, Peggy; Shekelle, Richard B.; Stamler, Jeremiah

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115135

Cited by 245 publications

(163 citation statements)

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“…9 Similar results were reported by Hamm et al 10 for a 25-year follow-up of a large male cohort and Lissner et al 11 in a large population-based study. Studies on Weight cycling of atheletes SE Saarni et al smaller samples and intervention studies have contradictory results about the effect of weight cycling on CVD mortality and morbidity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Weight cycling of athletes and subsequent weight gain in middleage

et al. 2006

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Objective: To study the effects of repeated cycles of weight loss and regain as young adults on long-term weight development. Design: A follow-up study with questionnaires in 1985, 1995 and 2001. Setting: Finland. Subjects: A national cohort of 1838 male elite athletes who had represented Finland in major international sport competitions in 1920-1965, including 370 men engaged in sports in which weight-related performance classes are associated with weight cycling (boxers, weight lifters and wrestlers; further called as weight cyclers), and 834 matched control men with no athletic background. Outcome measure: Weight change since the age of 20 years, body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of obesity and overweight. Results: The weight cyclers gained 5.2 BMI units from age 20 years to their maximum mean weight, which was at age 58.7 years. Corresponding figures for the controls were 4.2 BMI units at 58.5 years and for other athletes 3.3 BMI units at age 62.5 years. The proportion of obese (BMIX30 kg/m 2 ) subjects was greatest among the weight cyclers both in 1985 and 1995. In 2001, the weight cyclers were more often obese than other athletes, but did not differ from the controls. The odds ratio for the weight cyclers to be obese compared to other athletes in 1985 was 3.18 (95% confidence intervals 2.09-4.83), and compared to the controls 2.0 (1.35-2.96). The enhanced weight gain of the weight cyclers was not accounted for by present health habits (smoking, alcohol use, use of high-fat milk or physical activity) or weight at age 20 years. Conclusions: Repeated cycles of weight loss and regain appear to enhance subsequent weight gain and may predispose to obesity. Chronic dieting with weight cycling may be harmful for permanent weight control.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Weight cycling of athletes and subsequent weight gain in middleage

et al. 2006

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“…In the case of our patients, body weight variations were attributable exclusively to voluntary dieting, as was the case in the Gothenburg Prospective Studies (Lissner et al, 1989). Recently, numerous epidemiological studies have evaluated the in¯u-ence of weight cycling on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, showing a more signi®cant correlation with weight¯uctuation Ð rather than the body mass index Ð in both cases (Hamm et al, 1989;Lissner et al, 1991;Blair et al, 1993). A signi®cant correlation has also been documented between body-fat distribution indices like the waist-to-hip ratio and the weight¯uctuation index, pointing to the possibility of body-fat redistribution, with an increase in the amount of visceral fat, in subjects with higher degrees of weight cycling (Rodin et al, 1990;Hudgins & Hirsh, 1991).…”

Section: Blood Pressure and Weight Cycling Mt Guagnano Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This possibility is extremely signi®cant, since it is a well-established fact that prevalent visceral adipose tissue deposition represents an important direct and indirect risk factor for hemodynamic, metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities in obesity cases (Larsson et al, 1984;Seidell et al, 1987;Sjostrom, 1990;Guagnano et al, 1994;Han et al, 1995;Lean et al, 1998). Hamm et al (1989) have suggested that the increased incidence of coronary heart disease in subjects with large weight¯uc-tuations could be explained by atherogenic alterations in lipid metabolism, which take place during body weight increases after a period of caloric restriction (Bouchard, 1991). The prospective data from the Framingham Heart Study, which are particularly useful in evaluating any correlation between¯uctuations in body weight and incidence of chronic illnesses, show that changes in body weight have a negative impact, irrespective of obesity (Lissner et al, 1991).…”

Section: Blood Pressure and Weight Cycling Mt Guagnano Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent reports have also shown that body-weight¯uctuations could have a negative in¯uence on energy balance, with a rise in caloric ef®ciency caused by changes in body composition such as increase in body fat (Steen et al, 1988;Jequier, 1990). Changes in body fat distribution, with an increase in visceral fat (Rodin et al, 1990), eating behaviour modi®ca-tions (Rebuffe Á-Schrive et al, 1994) and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality have also been documented in subjects with weight cycling (Ashley and Kannel, 1974;Hamm et al, 1989;Ro Èssner, 1989;Lissner et al, 1989Lissner et al, , 1991Jeffery et al, 1992;Hanson et al, 1996;Folsom et al, 1996). There are numerous studies that examine the relationship between WC and blood pressure levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors for hypertension in obese women. The role of weight cycling

et al. 2000

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Objective: To study signi®cant factors associated with the risk of hypertension among obese women, with and without a history of weight cycling (WC). Design: Case ± control study. Setting: Obesity Clinic of Chieti University, Italy. Subjects: A group of 258 obese women aged 25 ± 64 y (103 cases with hypertension and 155 controls) were recruited. All obese subjects had the same clinical characteristics, were without a family history for hypertension, were non-smokers, had normal lipidemic pro®les and normal glucose tolerance, were not taking any medication and were otherwise healthy. Intervention: In the weight cycling women, the history of WC was established on the basis of at least ®ve weight losses in the previous 5 y due to dieting, with a weight loss of at least 4.5 kg per cycle. A logistic regression model adjusted for confounding variables such as waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and weight cycling history parameters was used and the odds ratio (OR) with 95% con®dence intervals was calculated. Results: The risk of hypertension increases in subjects with larger WHR (OR 7.8; 95% CI 3.4 ± 17.9) and with a positive history for WC (OR 4.1; 95% CI 2.4 ± 6.9). Further, in obese patients with WC, the weight cycling index and the sum of the weight regained are also important risk factors for hypertension. Conclusions: These ®ndings could support the hypothesis that it is the combined exposure of central-type obesity and WC that strongly raises the risk of hypertension. Sponsorship: This work has been ®nancially supported by a grant

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“…In addition, a number of adverse health effects have been hypothesized to be related to episodes of weight cycling. Several prospective, epidemiological studies relating weight cycling to mortality have been more consistently positive [15][16][17][18] . These studies found that mortality was higher for persons with unstable body weight than for persons whose body weight was relatively stable, and the studies generally concluded that weight cycling resulted from unsuccessful dieting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relation between self-reported weight cycling history, dieting and bio-behavioral health in Japanese adult males

Wakui

Odagiri

Takamiya

et al. 2002

Environ Health Prev Med

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Background: Epidemiological findings suggest that weight fluctuations are associated with unfavorable health outcomes compared with stable weight. However, the interrelationship between the weight cycling history and dieting status in a non-clinical male trial on the risk for bio-behavioral health is unclear.Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between weight cycling history as a result of intentional weight loss and bio-behavioral health in Japanese adult males.Method: A cross-sectional study was performed on a group of 146 Japanese working males (47.5H9.3 yr.). Each subject completed a series of self-reported questionnaires in which information about weight cycling history, current dieting practices, life-styles, and social background were assessed. Results of the physical check up were used to assess biological parameters. Self-reported weight cycling was defined as intentionally losing 10% of one's weight and regaining the lost weight.Results: Cyclers reported a significantly greater incidence of current dieting and recent weight gain compared with non-cyclers. Taking regular meals, eating breakfast everyday, and not eating snacks between meals every day were significantly less frequent among cyclers compared with non-cyclers after controlling for BMI. The adjusted odds ratio for AST abnormality was 5.46 (95%CI: 1.08−27.67), ALT abnormality was 3.31 (95%CI: 1.24−8.78), and 1-GTP was 3.38 (95%CI: 1.07−10.67) among cyclers, compared with noncyclers.Conclusion: These findings suggest that a history of weight cycling in men, regardless of current weight status, is associated with adverse bio-behavioral health. The risk for several liver enzyme abnormalities associated with weight cycling history was substantial, independent of relative body weight and lifestyle factors.

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Large Fluctuations in Body Weight During Young Adulthood and Twenty-Fwe-Year Risk of Coronary Death in Men

Cited by 245 publications

References 0 publications

Weight cycling of athletes and subsequent weight gain in middleage

Weight cycling of athletes and subsequent weight gain in middleage

Risk factors for hypertension in obese women. The role of weight cycling

Relation between self-reported weight cycling history, dieting and bio-behavioral health in Japanese adult males

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