Large extinction ratio optical electrowetting shutter

Montoya, Ryan D.; Underwood, Kenneth J.; Terrab, Soraya; Watson, Alexander M.; Bright, Victor M.; Gopinath, Juliet T.

doi:10.1364/oe.24.009660

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…The geometric configuration used in our simulation is based on our actual EWOD lenses and prisms [25,27,36,37]. The devices are constructed in cylindrical glass tubes with ITO sidewall electrodes patterned using a 3D printing-assisted shadow masking technique.…”

Section: Geometrical Configuration and Numerical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are often implemented in a cylindrical cavity filled with two liquids, where an applied voltage through a dielectric changes the curvature of the liquid-liquid interface. Electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) is a versatile technology, and devices have been used as variable focus lenses in cameras [21,22] and microscopy [19,23], as optical switches [24,25], and as beam scanners [26][27][28]. EWOD tunable lenses use a single electrode, while devices implemented for beam scanning (tunable liquid prisms) benefit from two or more electrodes [26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical analysis of wavefront aberration correction using multielectrode electrowetting-based devices

et al. 2017

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We present numerical simulations of multielectrode electrowetting devices used in a novel optical design to correct wavefront aberration. Our optical system consists of two multielectrode devices, preceded by a single fixed lens. The multielectrode elements function as adaptive optical devices that can be used to correct aberrations inherent in many imaging setups, biological samples, and the atmosphere. We are able to accurately simulate the liquid-liquid interface shape using computational fluid dynamics. Ray tracing analysis of these surfaces shows clear evidence of aberration correction. To demonstrate the strength of our design, we studied three different input aberrations mixtures that include astigmatism, coma, trefoil, and additional higher order aberration terms, with amplitudes as large as one wave at 633 nm.

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Section: Geometrical Configuration and Numerical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical analysis of wavefront aberration correction using multielectrode electrowetting-based devices

et al. 2017

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“…The output voltage from the photodetector was recorded by an input data acquisition card (MCC-USB-201) connected to a computer. Since other studies 16,35,38 have shown millisecond time scale for liquid dynamics, a sampling rate of 10 kS/s was chosen for the acquisition. The setup to measure the scanning characteristics of a twoelectrode EWOD device (tunable prism) is similar to the technique described, with two key differences.…”

Section: ■ Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Combination with High Refractive Index Contrast and Fast Scanning Speeds for Electrowetting Adaptive Optics

et al. 2018

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Electrowetting adaptive optical devices are versatile, with applications ranging from microscopy to remote sensing. The choice of liquids in these devices governs its tuning range, temporal response, and wavelength of operation. We characterized a liquid system, consisting of 1-phenyl-1-cyclohexene and deionized water, using both lens and prism devices. The liquids have a large contact angle tuning range, from 173 to 60°. Measured maximum scanning angle was realized at ±13.7° in a two-electrode prism, with simulation predictions of ±18.2°. The liquid’s switching time to reach 90° contact angle from rest, in a 4 mm diameter device, was measured at 100 ms. Steady-state scanning with a two-electrode prism showed linear and consistent scan angles of ±4.8° for a 20 V differential between the two electrodes, whereas beam scanning using the liquid system achieved ±1.74° at 500 Hz for a voltage differential of 80 V.

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“…Liquid lenses are commercially available, which makes them an excellent candidate for next-generation, nonmechanical beam steering. These lenses have been studied extensively in other applications [34][35][36], including implementation as optical switches [37,38], variable apertures [39], and high speed microlens arrays [40].…”

Section: Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide-angle nonmechanical beam steering using liquid lenses

2016

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Nonmechanical beam steering is a rapidly growing branch of adaptive optics with applications such as light detection and ranging, imaging, optical communications, and atomic physics. Here, we present an innovative technique for one- and two-dimensional beam steering using multiple tunable liquid lenses. We use an approach in which one lens controls the spot divergence, and one to two decentered lenses act as prisms and steer the beam. Continuous 1D beam steering was demonstrated, achieving steering angles of ±39° using two tunable liquid lenses. The beam scanning angle was further enhanced to ±75° using a fisheye lens. By adding a third tunable liquid lens, we achieved 2D beam steering of ±75°. In this approach, the divergence of the scanning beam is controlled at all steering angles.

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Large extinction ratio optical electrowetting shutter

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Numerical analysis of wavefront aberration correction using multielectrode electrowetting-based devices

Numerical analysis of wavefront aberration correction using multielectrode electrowetting-based devices

Liquid Combination with High Refractive Index Contrast and Fast Scanning Speeds for Electrowetting Adaptive Optics

Wide-angle nonmechanical beam steering using liquid lenses

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