Large enhancement of the effective second-order nonlinearity in graphene metasurfaces

Ren, Qun; You, Jian Wei; Panoiu, Nicolae C.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.99.205404

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…As this is based on the intricate design of the metasurface, from the constituent materials, meta‐atoms geometry, and layout, to the integration of an optical pumping source, there remains plenty of potential for improvements in this area. For example, combining the nonlinear response of materials with other tuning mechanisms is one avenue that is being actively explored, such as in the nonlinear response of ENZ TCOs, such as AZO [ 249 ] and ITO, [ 250 ] the integration of graphene, [ 251–253 ] in kirigami‐based metasurfaces, [ 254 ] and through the nonlinear responses of PCMs. [ 255 ]…”

Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Metasurfaces: The Path to Fully Active Nanophotonics

Badloe

Lee

Seong

et al. 2021

Advanced Photonics Research

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In the field of nanophotonics, metasurfaces have come to the forefront in real‐world applications, owing to their accessible exotic optical properties that can be readily designed and fabricated using currently available techniques. The subwavelength dimensions and lightweight characteristics of metasurfaces are attractive qualities for the miniaturization of optical devices and are already exploited in devices that can rival, and sometimes even outperform, conventional bulky optics. Over the past decade, ample research has been undertaken to produce high‐performance metasurfaces with exciting optical properties that cannot be found in nature or achieved with conventional optics. To open the path to widely used devices in our everyday lives, the next obvious step for metasurfaces is the development of tunability. Herein, the techniques and development of applications of tunable metasurfaces are presented through the incorporation of active materials and controllable external stimuli, and the uncovered tunable characteristics are critically analyzed. The review rounds up by proposing the future directions and prospects for actively tunable metasurfaces and their potential practical applications.

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Section: Discussion and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Metasurfaces: The Path to Fully Active Nanophotonics

Badloe

Lee

Seong

et al. 2021

Advanced Photonics Research

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show abstract

“…The material properties of graphene can be modified also through nonlinear self-action. Graphene has shown great promise for nonlinear applications by exploiting the geometry-induced second-order [78] and the intrinsic third-order [79] nonlinear susceptibilities, and by relying on single- [80] and multichannel [81] effects.…”

Section: Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Intelligent Metasurfaces: The Progress from Globally Tunable Metasurfaces to Software‐Defined Metasurfaces with an Embedded Network of Controllers

Tsilipakos

Tasolamprou

Pitilakis

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

183

110

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Metasurfaces, the ultrathin, 2D version of metamaterials, have recently attracted a surge of attention for their capability to manipulate electromagnetic waves. Recent advances in reconfigurable and programmable metasurfaces have greatly extended their scope and reach into practical applications. Such functional sheet materials can have enormous impact on imaging, communication, and sensing applications, serving as artificial skins that shape electromagnetic fields. Motivated by these opportunities, this progress report provides a review of the recent advances in tunable and reconfigurable metasurfaces, highlighting the current challenges and outlining directions for future research. To better trace the historical evolution of tunable metasurfaces, a classification into globally and locally tunable metasurfaces is first provided along with the different physical addressing mechanisms utilized. Subsequently, coding metasurfaces, a particular class of locally tunable metasurfaces in which each unit cell can acquire discrete response states, is surveyed, since it is naturally suited to programmatic control. Finally, a new research direction of software‐defined metasurfaces is described, which attempts to push metasurfaces toward unprecedented levels of functionality by harnessing the opportunities offered by their software interface as well as their inter‐ and intranetwork connectivity and establish them in real‐world applications.

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“…The homogenization of such graphene metasurfaces has been recently studied [63]. This nonlinear polarization and the associated nonlinear surface current in the case of graphene metasurfaces characterized by nonlocal nonlinear polarization can be expressed as [55]:…”

Section: B Calculation Of Effective Second-order Susceptibility Of Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison Between the Linear and Nonlinear Homogenization of Graphene and Silicon Metasurfaces

2020

Self Cite

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In this paper, we use a versatile homogenization approach to model the linear and nonlinear optical response of two metasurfaces: a plasmonic metasurface consisting of graphene patches and a dielectric photonic nanostructure consisting of silicon photonic crystal (PhC) cavities. The former metasurface is resonant at wavelengths that are much larger than the graphene elements of the metasurface, whereas the resonance wavelengths of the latter one are comparable to the size of its resonant components. By computing and comparing the effective permittivities and nonlinear susceptibilities of the two metasurfaces, we infer some general principles regarding the conditions under which homogenization methods of metallic and dielectric metasurfaces are valid. In particular, we show that in the case of the graphene metasurface the homogenization method describes very well both its linear and nonlinear optical properties, whereas in the case of the silicon photonic nanostructure the homogenization method is only qualitatively accurate, especially near the optical resonances.

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Large enhancement of the effective second-order nonlinearity in graphene metasurfaces

Cited by 31 publications

References 54 publications

Tunable Metasurfaces: The Path to Fully Active Nanophotonics

Tunable Metasurfaces: The Path to Fully Active Nanophotonics

Toward Intelligent Metasurfaces: The Progress from Globally Tunable Metasurfaces to Software‐Defined Metasurfaces with an Embedded Network of Controllers

Comparison Between the Linear and Nonlinear Homogenization of Graphene and Silicon Metasurfaces

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