Large Eddy Simulations of forced ignition of a non-premixed bluff-body methane flame with Conditional Moment Closure

Analysis of auto-ignition of heated hydrogen–air mixtures with different detailed reaction mechanisms

“…We use the stand-alone code 0D-CMC [23] to perform the calculations. This code was developed, starting from the more general CMC method [2], in which (at least) transport equations are solved for conditionally averaged reacting scalars, Q i , conditioned on mixture fraction:…”

LES-CMC Simulations of Different Auto-ignition Regimes of Hydrogen in a Hot Turbulent Air Co-flow

“…Thus, the information must be induced from the LES mesh onto the CMC mesh. Here, volume averaging is applied to the unconditional quantities and the models for the conditional quantities are applied on the CMC resolution, in case of velocity and turbulent diffusivity, as in [12,13]. In case of scalar dissipation rate, PDF-weighted averaging is used and the AMC model is applied on the LES resolution.…”

“…In the CMC code, developed [38] and validated [12] at Cambridge University, equations (4) and (5) are solved, using the velocity and mixing field from the flow field solver. The mean density, required for the flow calculations, is obtained from the conditionally averaged values of the CMC calculations, weighted by the mixture fraction probability density function (β-PDF) (Eq.…”

“…Yet, the CMC code has already been extensively validated in e.g. [11][12][13], so that we consider it justified to focus here on [9]. This test case concerns auto-ignition of hot hydrogen, diluted with nitrogen, injected from a central nozzle into a heated turbulent air co-flow.…”

Sensitivity analysis of LES–CMC predictions of piloted jet flames

“…The presence of localised extinction in Flame E has successfully been predicted in Ihme and Pitsch (2008) using the FPV model. The Eulerian stochastic fields PDF method has been used in Jones and Prasad (2010) to successfully predict the presence of localised extinctions in Flame F Conditional Moment Closure (CMC), which is the subject of this paper, has previously been used in an LES context for Sandia Flame D (NavarroMartinez et al, 2005), bluff-body steady flames (Navarro-Martinez and Kronenburg, 2007), autoigniting jets (Navarro-Martinez and Kronenburg, 2009) and for spark ignition problems (Triantafyllidis et al, 2009). An LES-CMC formulation solving the CMC equations on a 3D grid (i.e.…”