Large-Eddy Simulation Of Radiation Fog

Nakanishi, Mikio

doi:10.1023/a:1002490423389

Cited by 150 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The turbulent Prandtl number is 1/3 for unstable and neutral conditions, and increases with increasing stability to 1 above the Richardson number of 0.25 (Nakanishi 2000).…”

Section: Outline Of Three-dimensional Lesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The LES model used in this study is the same as that of Nakanishi (2000), except that the subgrid turbulent fluxes are determined from the standard Smagorinsky-Lilly model, because the two-part model of Sullivan et al (1994), which is composed of isotropic and anisotropic parts, is considered to have only a minor e¤ect on a simulation of a convective ABL. The Smagorinsky constant is 0.18.…”

Section: Outline Of Three-dimensional Lesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nakanishi and Niino (2004, hereafter NN04) later introduced a partial condensation scheme (Sommeria and Deardor¤ 1977;Mellor 1977) into the improved MY model, and proposed a convenient computational scheme for its level-3 model. They also used a one-dimensional version of the improved MY model to simulate a radiation fog, and showed that the improved MY model has a good performance comparable to a moist LES model of Nakanishi (2000). Nakanishi and Niino (2006, hereafter NN06) analyzed the singularity and realizability of the improved MY level-3 model, and increased its numerical stability by imposing some restrictions on a time scale L=q and scalar variances, where L is the turbulent length scale and q 2 =2 the TKE per unit mass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Development of an Improved Turbulence Closure Model for the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Nakanishi

Niino

2009

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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798

447

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An improved Mellor-Yamada (MY) turbulence closure model (MYNN model: Mellor-YamadaNakanishi-Niino model) that we have developed is summarized and its performance is demonstrated against a large-eddy simulation (LES) of a convective boundary layer. Unlike the original MY model, the MYNN model considers e¤ects of buoyancy on pressure covariances and e¤ects of stability on the turbulent length scale, with model constants determined from a LES database. One-dimensional simulations of Day 33 of the Wangara field experiment, which was conducted in a flat area of southeastern Australia in 1967, are made by the MY and MYNN models and the results are compared with horizontal-average statistics obtained from a threedimensional LES. The MYNN model improves several weak points of the MY model such as an insu‰cient growth of the convective boundary layer, and underestimates of the turbulent kinetic energy and the turbulent length scale; it reproduces fairly well the results of the LES including the vertical distributions of the mean and turbulent quantities. The improved performance of the MYNN model relies mainly on the new formulation of the turbulent length scale that realistically increases with decreasing stability, and partly on the parameterization of the pressure covariances and the expression for stability functions for third-order turbulent fluxes.

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“…The turbulent Prandtl number is 1/3 for unstable and neutral conditions, and increases with increasing stability to 1 above the Richardson number of 0.25 (Nakanishi 2000).…”

Section: Outline Of Three-dimensional Lesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Outline Of Three-dimensional Lesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Development of an Improved Turbulence Closure Model for the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Nakanishi

Niino

2009

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

Self Cite

798

447

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The physics parameterizations used include the Goddard six-class microphysics scheme (Tao et al 1989), the MellorYamada Nakanishi and Niino (MYNN) level 2.5 (Nakanishi andNiino 2004, 2006) for the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) with the Monin-Obukhov surface layer parameterization (Monin and Obukhov 1954) and the four-layer Noah land surface model (Chen and Dudhia 2001). The radiation scheme used for both short-wave and long-wave radiation is the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for Global (RRTMG) models (Iacono et al 2008) with a spatially and temporally varying climatological aerosol distribution based on Tegen et al (1997) employed.…”

Section: Model Datasets and Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sea-ice albedo in the model is a function of air temperature, skin temperature and snow (Mills 2011). Gravitational settling of cloud drops in the atmosphere is parameterised as described in Dyunkerke (1991) and Nakanishi (2000), whereas cloud water (fog) deposition …”

Section: Model Datasets and Diagnosticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution dynamical downscaling of re-analysis data over the Kerguelen Islands using the WRF model

Fonseca

Martín‐Torres

2018

Theor Appl Climatol

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We have used the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to simulate the climate of the Kerguelen Islands (49°S, 69°E) and investigate its inter-annual variability. Here, we have dynamically downscaled 30 years of the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) over these islands at 3-km horizontal resolution. The model output is found to agree well with the station and radiosonde data at the Port-aux-Français station, the only location in the islands for which observational data is available. An analysis of the seasonal mean WRF data showed a general increase in precipitation and decrease in temperature with elevation. The largest seasonal rainfall amounts occur at the highest elevations of the Cook Ice Cap in winter where the summer mean temperature is around 0°C. Five modes of variability are considered: conventional and Modoki El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), Subtropical IOD (SIOD) and Southern Annular Mode (SAM). It is concluded that a key mechanism by which these modes impact the local climate is through interaction with the diurnal cycle in particular in the summer season when it has a larger magnitude. One of the most affected regions is the area just to the east of the Cook Ice Cap extending into the lower elevations between the Gallieni and Courbet Peninsulas. The WRF simulation shows that despite the small annual variability, the atmospheric flow in the Kerguelen Islands is rather complex which may also be the case for the other islands located in the Southern Hemisphere at similar latitudes.

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Fog as a Hydrologic Input

Bruijnzeel

Eugster

Burkard

2005

Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences

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This article reviews the hydrologic importance of fog in its various forms. Meteorologically, fog is defined as a ground-touching cloud with a visibility in the horizontal of less than 1000 m. The most widely occurring fog types include radiation fog, sea fog and steam fog, and advection fog, but often fog is also referred to by its location of occurrence (coastal, valley, or mountain fog). The physical processes underlying the various types of fog are described briefly. The use, advantages, and limitations of the most common types of fog collectors, fog detectors, and fog droplet spectrometers are dealt with before embarking on a discussion of techniques for the measurement and modeling of fog deposition on forest vegetation. Results of fog deposition measurements made at selected locations (representing coastal vs. inland, lowland vs. montane, and temperate vs. tropical conditions) are compared. The data confirm the importance of fog interception at many coastal and montane sites across the tropical to mediterranean and warm-temperate climatic spectrum. Under more continental conditions, contributions by fog are usually more modest except on windy mountain ridges and summits. Finally, the paper indicates the chief gaps in knowledge regarding the measurement and importance of fog as a hydrologic input.Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences. Edited by M G Anderson.

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Large-Eddy Simulation Of Radiation Fog

Cited by 150 publications

References 39 publications

Development of an Improved Turbulence Closure Model for the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Development of an Improved Turbulence Closure Model for the Atmospheric Boundary Layer

High-resolution dynamical downscaling of re-analysis data over the Kerguelen Islands using the WRF model

Fog as a Hydrologic Input

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