Large and remote marine protected areas in the South Atlantic Ocean are flawed and raise concerns: Comments on Soares and Lucas (2018)

Giglio, Vinicius J.; Pinheiro, Hudson T.; Bender, Mariana G.; Bonaldo, Roberta M.; Costa-Lotufo, Letı́cia V.; Ferreira, Carlos E. L.; Floeter, Sergio R.; Freire, Andrea S.; Gasparini, João Luiz; Joyeux, Jean‐Christophe; Krajewski, João Paulo; Lindner, Alberto; Longo, Guilherme O.; Lotufo, Tito Monteiro da Cruz; Loyola, Rafael; Luiz, Osmar J.; Macieira, Raphael M.; Magris, Rafael A.; Mello, Thayná Jeremias; Quimbayo, Juan P.; Rocha, Luiz A.; Segal, Bárbara; Teixeira, João Batista; Vila-Nova, Daniele A.; Vilar, Ciro C.; Zilberberg, Carla; Francini‐Filho, Ronaldo B.

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2018.07.017

Cited by 65 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The race to achieve Aichi targets marks a new opportunity to change this pattern. However, the small overlap between the top ranked areas for conservation in this study and the two new oceanic no‐take MPAs (Table ) supports previous criticisms of the lack of scientific input in the decision‐making process (Giglio et al, ; Magris & Pressey, ). Despite having expanded the country's marine area under legal (but not strict) protection from 1.5% to about 26%, Brazil still needs to increase its MPA system to meet Aichi Targets 11 and 12.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…This site is irreplaceable and has already suffered fisheries-induced functional extinctions (Luiz & Edwards, 2011). Therefore, a ban of fishing activities and effective enforcement are required (Giglio et al, 2018). Similarly, nearshore areas of the south-east and south Brazilian coast that were prioritized under the unconstrained scenario and in other studies (MMA, 2007;Vilar et al, 2015;Vilar, Joyeux, & Spach, 2017) were replaced by offshore areas under the all-activities scenario.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, two oceanic MPAs, covering about 116,418.5 km 2 , were declared that moved Brazil closer to meeting the quantitative area requirement of Target 11 (Giglio et al, ; Magris & Pressey, ). Therefore, we investigated the overlap of the best 10% of cells under each conservation scenario with each of these MPAs: the Natural Monuments of Trindade and Martin Vaz Islands and Columbia seamount (TMV‐MPA) and of St Peter and St Paul Archipelago (SPSP‐MPA) (Brasil, , ; Appendix ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple-use MPAs were not considered given the uncertainty around their effectiveness for biodiversity conservation (Sala et al, 2018). Recently, two oceanic MPAs, covering about 116,418.5 km 2 , were declared that moved Brazil closer to meeting the quantitative area requirement of Target 11 (Giglio et al, 2018;Magris & Pressey, 2018…”

Section: Conservation Prioritization Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strengthening the synergies among global biodiversity targets to reconcile conservation and socio‐economic demands

Vilar

Magris

Loyola

et al. 2020

Aquatic Conservation

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Most of the world's nations adopted the 20 Aichi global biodiversity targets to be met by 2020, including the protection of at least 10% of their coastal and marine areas (Target 11) and the avoidance of extinction of threatened species (Target 12). However, reconciling these biodiversity targets with socio‐economic demands remains a great dilemma for implementing conservation policies. In this paper, Aichi Targets 11 and 12 were simultaneously addressed using Brazil's exclusive economic zone as an example. Priority areas for expanding the current system of marine protected areas within the country's eight marine ecoregions were identified with data on threatened vertebrates under different scenarios. Additionally, the potential effects of major socio‐economic activities (small‑ and large‐scale fishing, seabed mining, and oil and gas exploration) on the representation of conservation features in proposed marine protected areas were explored. Areas selected for expanding marine protected areas solely based on biodiversity data were different (spatial overlap from 62% to 93%) from areas prioritized when socio‐economic features were incorporated into the analysis. The addition of socio‐economic data in the prioritization process substantially decreased opportunity costs and potential conservation conflicts, at the cost of reducing significantly (up to 31%) the coverage of conservation features. Large‑ and small‐scale fisheries act in most of the exclusive economic zone and are the major constraints for protecting high‐priority areas. Nevertheless, there is some spatial mismatch between areas of special relevance for conservation and socio‐economic activities, suggesting an opportunity for reconciling the achievement of biodiversity targets and development goals within the intricate Brazilian seascape by 2020 and beyond.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conservation Prioritization Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strengthening the synergies among global biodiversity targets to reconcile conservation and socio‐economic demands

Vilar

Magris

Loyola

et al. 2020

Aquatic Conservation

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“…However, anthropogenic activities on oceanic marine ecosystems (i.e., seamount mining, fisheries, marine traffic, tourism, and human occupation of the islands), and the inadequate protection from these impacts currently provided by new Brazilian marine protected areas in the Vitória-Trindade Seamounts Chain (see Brasil 2018; Giglio et al 2018; Magris and Pressey 2018), could threat the existence of Thiony’s jawfish in that part of its range in the near future.…”

Section: Key To Brazilian Opistognathusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Brazilian jawfishes of the genus Opistognathus with descriptions of two new species (Teleostei, Opistognathidae)

Smith-Vaniz¹,

Tornabene²,

Macieira³

2018

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A new species of jawfish, Opistognathusthionyisp. n., is described from the Vitória-Trindade Chain and Fernando de Noronha Archipelago off Brazil, a disjunct distribution of ca. 1,800 km. Opistognathusthionyi and its allopatric Caribbean sister-species, Opistognathusmaxillosus, both have a wide, fan-like upper margin of the subopercular flap and mostly over-lapping meristic data. The new species differs from O.maxillosus in having the darkest spot on the spinous dorsal fin, when present, between spines 2–5, versus always present between spines 6–9, the buccal area surrounding the esophageal opening pale versus very dark and fewer oblique scale rows in longitudinal series (45–52 vs. 69–85). A second new species, Opistognathusvicinussp. n., known from Brazil’s mainland, has completely over-lapping meristic values with its allopatric Caribbean sister-species O.whitehursti, but differs in lacking vomerine teeth and a supramaxilla and retaining the juvenile color pattern of the latter species in adults. Diagnoses, photographs, an identification key, and distributional maps are given for all Brazilian species of Opistognathus.Molecular phylogenetic analysis of partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit-I sequences indicates that specimens of the two allopatric pairs, O.thionyi – O.maxillosus and O.vicinus – O.whitehursti, form reciprocally monophyletic groups that differ from each other on average by 9 to 11%, with less than 1% average pair-wise genetic distance within-species. Similar patterns of phylogenetic structure were observed between reciprocally monophyletic (predominately allopatric) groups within nominal species of Opistognathusaurifrons, suggesting the possibility of at least two additional undescribed species from the Brazilian Province.

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Biodiversity on sale: The shark meat market threatens elasmobranchs in Brazil

Cruz

Szynwelski

Freitas

2021

Aquatic Conservation

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1. Elasmobranchs are apex predators that play a crucial role in marine ecosystems by regulating the dynamics of food webs, as well as connecting different trophic levels across habitats.2. The large-scale removal of elasmobranchs impacts the energy transfer in trophic interactions. The pressure of unsustainable fisheries is considerable, as most elasmobranchs have reproductive strategies that render them unable to recover their demographic status after depletion.3. In Brazil, elasmobranchs are broadly commercialized under the generalist common name of 'cação' (namely, shark meat). This allows threatened species to be commercialized and makes the tracking of different species difficult.4. DNA barcoding of the Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene was applied to identify the different species sold as 'cação' along the coastline of Brazil. Fiftyseven samples from 33 cities in 15 coastal states of Brazil were purchased and analysed.5. Bioinformatic analyses revealed the presence of 17 species that were sold as 'cação'. Among them, Prionace glauca (blue shark) was the most abundant. Other species, listed as Endangered under the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, were also uncovered as being in the shark meat trade, such as Sphyrna lewini (scalloped hammerhead), Isurus paucus (longfin mako shark), and Squatina guggenheim (angular angel shark).6. These findings have reinforced the necessity to correctly label the commercialized species. Public actions towards species-specific management plans must be applied, as well as monitoring the supervised allied educational programmes.

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Large and remote marine protected areas in the South Atlantic Ocean are flawed and raise concerns: Comments on Soares and Lucas (2018)

Cited by 65 publications

References 21 publications

Strengthening the synergies among global biodiversity targets to reconcile conservation and socio‐economic demands

Strengthening the synergies among global biodiversity targets to reconcile conservation and socio‐economic demands

Review of Brazilian jawfishes of the genus Opistognathus with descriptions of two new species (Teleostei, Opistognathidae)

Biodiversity on sale: The shark meat market threatens elasmobranchs in Brazil

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