Laplacian Support Vector Machine for Vibration-Based Robotic Terrain Classification

Abstract

The achievement of robot autonomy has environmental perception as a prerequisite. The hazards rendered from uneven, soft and slippery terrains, which are generally named non-geometric hazards, are another potential threat reducing the traversing efficient, and therefore receiving more and more attention from the robotics community. In the paper, the vibration-based terrain classification (VTC) is investigated by taking a very practical issue, i.e., lack of labels, into consideration. According to the intrinsic temporal correlation existing in the sampled terrain sequence, a modified Laplacian SVM is proposed to utilise the unlabelled data to improve the classification performance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper studying semi-supervised learning problem in robotic terrain classification. The experiment demonstrates that: (1) supervised learning (SVM) achieves a relatively low classification accuracy if given insufficient labels; (2) feature-space homogeneity based semi-supervised learning (traditional Laplacian SVM) cannot improve supervised learning’s accuracy, and even makes it worse; (3) feature- and temporal-space based semi-supervised learning (modified Laplacian SVM), which is proposed in the paper, could increase the classification accuracy very significantly.

Well Logging Based Lithology Identification Model Establishment Under Data Drift: A Transfer Learning Method

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Autonomous recognition technology of carrier robot on various terrain environment

“…26,27 In this study, random forest classifier is investigated for classification. 28 Random forest is a classifier that uses multiple trees to train and predict samples. This classifier was first proposed by Leo Breiman and Adele Cutler, and registered as a trademark.…”

Inertial sensor-based outdoor terrain classification for wheeled mobile robots

“…Terrain classification for wheeled mobile robots is usually performed using cameras [3,4], lasers [3], and inertial sensors [2,[5][6][7][8][9], but sound-based recognition was also reported in related works [10]. The fusion of different sensor types can be also applied [2,3].…”

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