Laparoscopy vs minilaparotomy and full laparotomy preserves circulatory but not peritoneal and pulmonary immune responses

Transgastric endoscopic pneumoperitoneum versus laparoscopy: effects on host systemic and peritoneal inflammatory responses in a porcine model

“…The authors described a relative immune suppression in the peritoneal cavity, with preservation of systemic immunity. Jesch et al [7] confirmed these findings of preserved systemic immunity with LAP, as well as diminished peritoneal inflammatory response when compared with full laparotomy in rats.…”

Early effects of laparotomy and laparoscopy on bacterial behavior and proinflammatory cytokines on bacterial peritonitis in rats I: Escherichia coli

“…The difference between the groups could not be explained because focusing on the bacterial behavior, we did not measure the kinetic determinations of the cytokine levels. There are various studies comparing cytokine levels in laparoscopy and laparotomy in the absence of infection, of which many show decreased inflammatory response in laparoscopy [18][19][20]. Further cytokine studies comparing the 2 techniques are needed on peritonitis models [15].…”

Carbon dioxide directly suppresses spontaneous migration, chemotaxis, and free radical production of human neutrophils

“…Meanwhile, laparoscopic surgery has been shown to preserve the postoperative immune functions and CO 2 pneumoperitoneum is considered a major factor of this effect [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Sietses et al [6] demonstrated that circulatory, systemic PMN functions were preserved after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication compared with open surgery.…”

“…The insufflation of CO 2 in the abdominal cavity during laparoscopy reduces the systemic stress responses to abdominal surgery [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Peritoneal macrophages are known to initiate the inflammatory response in the peritoneal cavity.…”