WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Fundoplication is the third most common major surgical procedure performed in children in the United States, and the laparoscopic approach has increased in popularity in the absence of strong evidence to support its adoption.
WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:In the study population, laparoscopic fundoplication was associated with shorter length of stay, reduced costs, and lower complication rates when compared with the open approach, even after adjustment for age and severity.
OBJECTIVE:To compare infection rates, complication rates, length of stay, and cost for laparoscopic fundoplication versus open fundoplication among pediatric patients and to examine trends in utilization of laparoscopic fundoplication.
METHODS:We used the Pediatric Health Information System database to conduct a retrospective study of children (aged Ͻ19 years) admitted for a fundoplication between 2005 and 2008. Descriptive characteristics for those undergoing a laparoscopic and open fundoplication were compared. Multivariate regression with random effects specified at the hospital level was used to model the association between laparoscopic fundoplication and the outcomes.
RESULTS:Fifty-six percent of 7083 fundoplication admissions had laparoscopic fundoplication. Median length of stay was 4 days for laparoscopic and 10 days for open fundoplication. The median cost of laparoscopic fundoplication was $13 003 versus $22 487 for open fundoplication. Laparoscopic fundoplication was associated with a 24% and 51% reduction in the adjusted odds of infection and surgical complications, respectively. The proportion of fundoplications performed laparoscopically increased from 51% in 2005 to 63% in 2008 (P Ͻ .001), but there was no increase in the overall fundoplication rate. CONCLUSIONS: In a large study of children's hospitals, laparoscopic fundoplication was associated with improved outcomes compared with the open procedure, even after adjustment for patient severity. Laparoscopic fundoplication has become the most common form of antireflux surgery in children over 1 year of age, but this has not been associated with an increase in the overall utilization of the fundoplication procedure. These data have important implications for clinical practice and surgical training.