“… 15 , 16 , 17 , 20 Laparoscopic surgical techniques permit insertion to be performed in a minimally invasive manner, which reduces operative morbidity and decreases recovery times. 14 , 21 Although the risks are modest, displacing small bowel through invasive techniques may be of most value when otherwise there are unacceptably high risks of small-bowel toxic effects or treatment failure. 13 , 22 The technique of using mesh as a pelvic sling is nearly 4 decades old and was pioneered during previous eras that lacked access to modern highly conformal radiation therapy techniques and high-quality image guidance.…”