Laparoscopic‐ and Endoscopic‐Assisted Removal of Cystic Calculi

Ex Vivo Biomechanical Comparison of 4 Suture Materials for Laparoscopic Bladder Closure in the Horse

“…A laparoscopic approach to bladder stones under general anesthesia and in the standing horse have been reported . The laparoscopic approach reportedly provides superior visualization and access to repair bladder wall defects . One major drawback to these techniques, however, is the long surgical time, ascribed to the difficulty of the intracorporeal suturing technique and laparoscopic manipulation of the suture and instruments .…”