Laparoscopic ablative techniques

Abstract

Ablative techniques (AT) offer a combination of nephron-sparing and minimally invasive approaches. AT include different options and cryoablation (CA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) have been relatively safe and traditionally can be either performed laparoscopically or percutaneously. CA and RFA have emerged as a leading option for renal ablation, and compared with surgical techniques they offer benefits in preserving renal function with fewer complications, shorter hospitalization times, and allow for quicker convalescence. A mature dataset exists at this time, with intermediate and long-term follow up data available. Generally, laparoscopic access was the first technique used in the past, and typically for anterior and lateral mass. Afterwards, with the improvements in imaging and percutaneous techniques, laparoscopic approaches are progressively decreased and currently limited in few lesions and in relation with the surgeon's and center's experience. Nevertheless, laparoscopic CA and RFA could be useful techniques and currently, recommendations as a first-line therapy are made at this time in limited populations, including elderly patients, patients with multiple comorbidities, and those with imperative indications of a nephron sparing surgery. As more data emerge on oncologic efficacy, and technical experience continue to improve, the application of AT will likely be extended in future treatment guidelines and laparoscopic approaches will be a valid option in the era of tailored therapy.