Lantibiotics produced by Actinobacteria and their potential applications (a review)

Gomes, Karen Machado; Duarte, Rafael Silva; Bastos, Maria do Carmo de Freire

doi:10.1099/mic.0.000397

Cited by 43 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(139 reference statements)

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“…Regarding bacteria, we found a negative correlation between the phylum Actinobacteria and saliva lactate concentration. This phylum comprises a large variety of Gram-positive bacteria and is known for its high production of bioactive compounds, including those with antimicrobial activity such as lantibiotics 23 . For instance, Nisin is one of the best known antibiotics for its highly effective bactericidal activity against most lactic acid bacteria 24 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chlorhexidine mouthwash on the oral microbiome

Bescós

Ashworth

Cutler

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

186

165

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Following a single blind, cross-over and non-randomized design we investigated the effect of 7-day use of chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash on the salivary microbiome as well as several saliva and plasma biomarkers in 36 healthy individuals. They rinsed their mouth (for 1 min) twice a day for seven days with a placebo mouthwash and then repeated this protocol with CHX mouthwash for a further seven days. Saliva and blood samples were taken at the end of each treatment to analyse the abundance and diversity of oral bacteria, and pH, lactate, glucose, nitrate and nitrite concentrations. CHX significantly increased the abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, and reduced the content of Bacteroidetes, TM7, SR1 and Fusobacteria. This shift was associated with a significant decrease in saliva pH and buffering capacity, accompanied by an increase in saliva lactate and glucose levels. Lower saliva and plasma nitrite concentrations were found after using CHX, followed by a trend of increased systolic blood pressure. Overall, this study demonstrates that mouthwash containing CHX is associated with a major shift in the salivary microbiome, leading to more acidic conditions and lower nitrite availability in healthy individuals.Chlorhexidine (CHX) has been commonly used in dental practice as antiseptic agent since 1970, due to its long-lasting antibacterial activity with a broad-spectrum of action 1 . Since then, many clinical trials have shown effective results of CHX for the clinical management of dental plaque and gingival inflammation and bleeding 2-4 . This is supported by other studies using in vitro methods and reporting positive results of CHX in reducing the proliferation of bacterial species associated with periodontal disease, such as Enterobacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, as well as different species of Actinomyces and Streptococcus, including Streptococcus mutans, which is considered the main etiological agent of dental caries 4,5 . Other studies have also reported that the use of CHX was effective in the treatment of halitosis, especially in reducing the levels of halitosis-related bacteria colonising the dorsal surface of the tongue 6 .The anti-microbial activity of CHX however, has been extensively studied using in vitro culture methods, which limit the identification and cultivation of all microorganisms in the environment 4 . To the best of our knowledge, only one recent study has investigated the effect of CHX mouthwash on mixed bacterial communities (microbiome) of the tongue using new genome sequencing techniques such as 16 S rRNA 7 . The study found differences in over 10 different species colonizing the tongue, and a lower microbial diversity after using CHX for a week, but did not analyse other parameters related to oral health such as pH, lactate production or buffering capacity 7 . Additionally, we and others have recently shown that the use of CHX in healthy subjects can attenuate the nitrate-reducing activity of oral bacteria by at least 80% 8-11 . This in turn leads to lo...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chlorhexidine mouthwash on the oral microbiome

Bescós

Ashworth

Cutler

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

186

165

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria were found to be the predominant bacterial populations in all safflower soil samples, suggesting that there were more important effects arising from these bacteria. As far as Actinobacteria is concerned, this phylum is known to comprise a great variety of Gram‐positive bacteria with a high G+C DNA content, which can produce about two‐thirds of all naturally derived antibiotics in current clinical use, as well as many bioactive compounds, including those with anticancer and antimicrobial activity [31]. These substances would probably transform into plant nutrients due to the persistence of the rhizosphere effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the correlation between soil microbial diversity and ambient environmental factors influencing the safflower distribution in Xinjiang

et al. 2020

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The effects of soil microbial properties and physiographical factors on safflower distributions in the main safflower plantations of Xinjiang province in China were studied. This study may help determine the basis of the environmental factors for evaluating the geoherbalism of this medicinal plant. The soil microbial biodiversity in the bulk soil and rhizosphere of safflower at different growth stages and from different sampling plots were characterized by analyzing the environmental DNAs in the samples. With general primers targeting the 16S ribosomal DNA for bacteria and the internal transcribed spacer 1 gene for fungi, the study was performed using marker gene amplification coupled with Illumina HiSeq high‐throughput sequencing technologies. Correlation analysis and a distance‐based redundancy analysis were performed to determine the dominant factors affecting the distribution of the microorganism in safflower soils. A total of 16517 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from all the 108 soil samples of nine safflower sampling plots. At the phylum level, 48 phyla have been identified with Actinobacteria (32.9%) and proteobacteria (28.7%) being predominant. For fungi, 8746 OTUs were obtained, which belonged to seven phyla with Ascomycota overwhelmingly superior in relative abundance. A significant positive correlation was found between soil microbe quantity and ASL (above sea level). Safflower was sensitive to changes in elevation, growing more abundantly in the mountainous regions at heights of around 1,200 m above sea level. It is concluded that the dominant factors affecting the distribution of microorganisms in safflower soils were soil moisture, available N, and ASL.

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“…Looking for the homologous clusters of roseocin, we identified a gene cluster encoding a natural variant of roseocin in Glycomyces harbinensis (Figure ) (Labeda, Testa, Lechevalier, & Lechevalier, ). A study on such natural variants is important to understand the role of substitutions on bioactivity and for designing semisynthetic derivatives with improved characteristics (Gomes, Duarte, & Freire, ). Overall, roseocin is the first example of a two‐component lantibiotic from a non‐ Firmicute, with a potential to be used as a therapeutic agent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roseocin, a novel two‐component lantibiotic from an actinomycete

Singh

Chaudhary

Sareen

2019

Molecular Microbiology

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Lantibiotics are lanthionine ring containing natural products that belong to the class of ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs). Recent expansion in the availability of microbial genome data and in silico analysis tools have accelerated the discovery of these promising alternatives to antibiotics. Following the genome‐mining approach, a biosynthetic gene cluster for a putative two‐component lantibiotic, roseocin, was identified in the genome of an Actinomycete, Streptomyces roseosporus NRRL 11379. Posttranslationally modified lanthipeptides of this cluster were obtained by heterologous expression of the genes in Escherichia coli, and were in vitro reconstituted to their bioactive form by exploiting commercial proteases like endoproteinase GluC, and proteinase K. The two peptides displayed synergistic antimicrobial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria including the WHO high‐priority pathogens, MRSA and VRE. Structural characterization confirmed the installation of four (methyl)lanthionine rings with an indispensable disulfide bond in the α‐peptide, and six (methyl)lanthionine rings in the β‐peptide, by a single promiscuous lanthionine synthetase, RosM. Roseocin is the first two‐component lantibiotic from a non‐Firmicute, with extensive lanthionine bridging.

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Lantibiotics produced by Actinobacteria and their potential applications (a review)

Cited by 43 publications

References 103 publications

Effects of Chlorhexidine mouthwash on the oral microbiome

Effects of Chlorhexidine mouthwash on the oral microbiome

Study on the correlation between soil microbial diversity and ambient environmental factors influencing the safflower distribution in Xinjiang

Roseocin, a novel two‐component lantibiotic from an actinomycete

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