Language outside the focus of attention: The mismatch negativity as a tool for studying higher cognitive processes

Pulvermüller, Friedemann; Shtyrov, Yury

doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2006.04.004

Cited by 311 publications

(300 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, this conclusion seems to contradict findings from the ERP literature, specifically the MMN component elicited "pre-attentively" (i.e., without directed attention) in response to a phonemic change in an otherwise repetitive auditory stream (Endrass et al, 2004;Naatanen, 2001;Pettigrew et al, 2004;Pulvermuller & Shtyrov, 2006;Shtyrov et al, 2004). However, it is also known that the MMN can be susceptible to attentional manipulations, as its amplitude is attenuated when participants are engaged in a demanding primary task (e.g., Sabri et al, 2006;.…”

Section: Processing Of Speech Compared To Unfamiliar Rotated Speech Smentioning

confidence: 83%

“…In a positron emission tomography (PET) study, Price and colleagues found activations associated with task-irrelevant visual word processing in the left posterior temporal lobe, the left inferior parietal lobe, the cuneus, and the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) when subjects were engaged in a nonlinguistic visual feature detection task (i.e., detection of one or more ascenders within word and nonword stimuli) (Price et al, 1996). Finally, event-related potential studies of the mismatch negativity (MMN) component provide evidence for detection of lexical or phonemic changes without directed attention to the auditory stream (Endrass et al, 2004;Naatanen, 2001;Pettigrew et al, 2004;Pulvermuller & Shtyrov, 2006;Pulvermuller et al, 2004;Shtyrov et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attentional and linguistic interactions in speech perception

et al. 2008

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The role of attention in speech comprehension is not well understood. We used fMRI to study the neural correlates of auditory word, pseudoword, and nonspeech (spectrally-rotated speech) perception during a bimodal (auditory, visual) selective attention task. In three conditions, Attend Auditory (ignore visual), Ignore Auditory (attend visual), and Visual (no auditory stimulation), 28 subjects performed a one-back matching task in the assigned attended modality. The visual task, attending to rapidly presented Japanese characters, was designed to be highly demanding in order to prevent attention to the simultaneously presented auditory stimuli. Regardless of stimulus type, attention to the auditory channel enhanced activation by the auditory stimuli (Attend Auditory > Ignore Auditory) in bilateral posterior superior temporal regions and left inferior frontal cortex. Across attentional conditions, there were main effects of speech processing (word + pseudoword > rotated speech) in left orbitofrontal cortex and several posterior right hemisphere regions, though these areas also showed strong interactions with attention (larger speech effects in the Attend Auditory than in the Ignore Auditory condition) and no significant speech effects in the Ignore Auditory condition. Several other regions, including the postcentral gyri, left supramarginal gyrus, and temporal lobes bilaterally, showed similar interactions due to the presence of speech effects only in the Attend Auditory condition. Main effects of lexicality (word > pseudoword) were isolated to a small region of the left lateral prefrontal cortex. Examination of this region showed significant word > pseudoword activation only in the Attend Auditory condition. Several other brain regions, including left ventromedial frontal lobe, left dorsal prefrontal cortex, and left middle temporal gyrus, showed attention × lexicality interactions due to the presence of lexical activation only in the Attend Auditory condition. These results support a model in which neutral speech presented in an unattended sensory channel undergoes relatively little processing beyond the early perceptual level. Specifically, processing of phonetic and lexical-semantic information appears to be very limited in such circumstances, consistent with prior behavioral studies.

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Section: Processing Of Speech Compared To Unfamiliar Rotated Speech Smentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional and linguistic interactions in speech perception

et al. 2008

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“…Pulvermüller et al (2001) and Shtyrov and Pulvermüller (2002) demonstrated the existence of memory traces for individual spoken words, based on which the MMN is elicited. Pulvermüller and Shtyrov (2006) in a review article suggested that the MMN might reflect the processing of complex linguistic information at the lexical, semantic and syntactic level outside the focus of attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We expected to find that the irregular deviant in the first condition would elicit two MMN components similar to previous studies (Honbolygó et al, 2004., Ylinen et al, 2009 In the present study, unlike Ylinen et al (2009) we used a single utterance of a pseudoword. As Pulvermüller and Shtyrov (2006) suggest, in order to study the early effects of word processing it is preferable to reduce stimulus variance, and use single words. Since the study of Ylinen et al (2009) provided evidence that the MMN correlates of stress pattern processing are similar when the acoustical variance is increased by using multiple tokens of words, we were confident that the lack of such variance will not influence our results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliency or template? ERP evidence for long-term representation of word stress

Honbolygó

Csépe

2013

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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The present study investigated the event-related brain potential (ERP) correlates of word stress processing. Previous results showed that the violation of a legal stress pattern elicited two consecutive Mismatch Negativity (MMN) components synchronized to the changes on the first and second syllable. The aim of the present study was to test whether ERPs reflect only the detection of salient features present on the syllables, or they reflect the activation of long-term stress related representations.We examined ERPs elicited by pseudowords with no lexical representation in two conditions: the standard having a legal stress patterns, and the deviant an illegal one, and the standard having an illegal stress pattern, and the deviant a legal one. We found that the deviant having an illegal stress pattern elicited two consecutive MMN components, whereas the deviant having a legal stress pattern did not elicit MMN.Moreover, pseudowords with a legal stress pattern elicited the same ERP responses irrespective of their role in the oddball sequence, i.e., if they were standards or deviants.The results suggest that stress pattern changes are processed relying on long-term representation of word stress. To account for these results, we propose that the processing of stress cues is based on language-specific, pre-lexical stress templates.

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“…MMN is a frontocentral negative component, usually peaking at 100-250 ms from the deviation in the stimuli, which is elicited when a novel stimulus interrupts the repeated presentation of the same stimulus. This component is sensitive to changes not only in the acoustic characteristics of auditory stimuli (Näätänen, Simpson, & Loveless, 1982), but also to their phonological properties (for a review, Pulvermüller & Shtyrov, 2006). For example, Näätänen and collaborators (Näätänen et al, 1997) demonstrated MMN responses to phoneme changes when Finnish listeners heard the Finnish vowel /ö/ or the unknown Estonian vowel /õ/ in a list composed predominantly of the Finnish vowel /e/.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence for the impact of regional variation on phoneme perception

et al. 2009

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a b s t r a c tThis event-related potential (ERP) study examined the impact of phonological variation resulting from a vowel merger on phoneme perception. The perception of the /e/-/e/ contrast which does not exist in Southern French-speaking regions, and which is in the process of merging in Northern French-speaking regions, was compared to the /ø/-/y/ contrast, which is stable in all French-speaking regions. French-speaking participants from Switzerland for whom the /e/-/e/ contrast is preserved, but who are exposed to different regional variants, had to perform a same-different task. They first heard four phonemically identical but acoustically different syllables (e.g., /be/-/be/-/be/-/be/), and then heard the test syllable which was either phonemically identical to (/be/) or phonemically different from (/be/) the preceding context stimuli. The results showed that the unstable /e/-/e/ contrast only induced a mismatch negativity (MMN), whereas the /ø/-/y/ contrast elicited both a MMN and electrophysiological differences on the P200. These findings were in line with the behavioral results in which responses were slower and more error-prone in the /e/-/e/ deviant condition than in the /ø/-/y/ deviant condition. Together these findings suggest that the regional variability in the speech input to which listeners are exposed affects the perception of speech sounds in their own accent.

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Language outside the focus of attention: The mismatch negativity as a tool for studying higher cognitive processes

Cited by 311 publications

References 179 publications

Attentional and linguistic interactions in speech perception

Attentional and linguistic interactions in speech perception

Saliency or template? ERP evidence for long-term representation of word stress

Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence for the impact of regional variation on phoneme perception

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