Language nonselective lexical access in bilingual toddlers

Holzen, Katie Von; Mani, Nivedita

doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2012.08.001

Cited by 98 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…window of 1800ms). We first ran non-parametric statistics to establish a time window for analysis (Maris & Oostenveld, 2007, Von Holzen & Mani, 2012Tsuji, Mazuka, Cristia & Fikkert, 2013). Once a time window was established, fixation proportions were submitted to a Growth Curve Analysis (GCA: Mirman, Dixon & Magnuson, 2008;Mirman, 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual Similarity Modulates Context Effects in Online Compensation for Phonological Variation

Chong

Sundara

2016

AMP

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Using a cross-modal word identification task and an eye-tracking visual-world experiment, we investigated the importance of phonological context in the recovery of tap variants of /t/- and /d/-final words in American English. In Experiment 1, listeners were less accurate when they heard a tap variant of a /t/ word in a non-licensing environment (before a consonant) than when they heard it in a licensing environment (before an unstressed vowel). Contrastively, there was no difference in accuracy for tap variants of /d/ words across different contexts. Similarly, in Experiment 2, listeners looked less often at the target word when they heard tap variants of /t/ words in a mismatching context than a matching one. A mismatch context, however, did not result in fewer looks to the target with tap variants of /d/ words. Importantly, both accuracy and proportion of looks to the target word were higher in the mismatch phonological context than when presented with mispronounced forms. Our results contrast with previous findings on tap variants of /t/. These findings also suggest that contextual information is less important when a surface form is a closer perceptual match to the lexical representation (canonical stops and tap variants of /d/). Thus a model of word recognition must take into account both frequency of a variant in context and the perceptual distance between a variant and its lexical representation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual Similarity Modulates Context Effects in Online Compensation for Phonological Variation

Chong

Sundara

2016

AMP

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“…[43] with [44]). Therefore, our data were analysed using a permutation test technique that was originally developed for use with time-course data, such as ERP data, for which it is difficult to know a priori which time regions are relevant and which statistical corrections for multiple comparisons are required ([46]; see [47][48][49] for use with the eye-tracking-while-listening paradigm with children). The first step involved computing the test statistic on the real data for each possible time point (in our case the 20-msec timebins created via Matlab).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following recent developments within the eye-tracking-while-listening paradigm ( [47][48][49]), we used permutation analysis to analyse the eye-tracking data. This allows us to avoid pre-specifying the analysis windows whilst simultaneously correcting for multiple comparisons (see [46]), and to avoid making assumptions regarding by how much we should offset our data analyses to allow for differences in processing speed-a particular problem when comparing across developmental groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do two and three year old children use an incremental first-NP-as-agent bias to process active transitive and passive sentences?: A permutation analysis.

Abbot-Smith¹,

Rowland²,

Chang³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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We used eye-tracking to investigate if and when children show an incremental bias to assume that the first noun phrase in a sentence is the agent (first-NP-as-agent bias) while processing the meaning of English active and passive transitive sentences. We also investigated whether children can override this bias to successfully distinguish active from passive sentences, after processing the remainder of the sentence frame. For this second question we used eye-tracking (Study 1) and forced-choice pointing (Study 2). For both studies, we used a paradigm in which participants simultaneously saw two novel actions with reversed agent-patient relations while listening to active and passive sentences. We compared English-speaking 25-month-olds and 41-month-olds in between-subjects sentence structure conditions (Active Transitive Condition vs. Passive Condition). A permutation analysis found that both age groups showed a bias to incrementally map the first noun in a sentence onto an agent role. Regarding the second question, 25-month-olds showed some evidence of distinguishing the two structures in the eye-tracking study. However, the 25-month-olds did not distinguish active from passive sentences in the forced choice pointing task. In contrast, the 41-month-old children did reanalyse their initial first-NP-as-agent bias to the extent that they clearly distinguished between active and passive sentences both in the eye-tracking data and in the pointing task. The results are discussed in relation to the development of syntactic (re)parsing.

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“…There is now consensus that the lexica of the two languages are not accessed separately, and a range of phonological, semantic and orthographic similarities can trigger activation of one language when processing words in the other language of a bilingual individual. The phenomenon is not limited to adult bilinguals; evidence of non-selective lexical access has also been found in bilingual children as young as 2 years old (Holzen and Mani 2012). This cross-language lexical activation has been evidenced in a variety of experimental tasks, including, more recently, the technique of Event Related Potentials (henceforth ERPs, Thierry and Wu 2007, see also Wu and Thierry 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Language non-selective syntactic activation in early bilinguals: the role of verbal fluency

Sanoudaki

Thierry

2015

International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism

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for their assistance with this project. We are also grateful to the editors and to two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. Funding:This work was supported by the Economic and Social Research Council UK (ES/E024556/1).GT was supported the European Research Council (ERC-SG-209704), and the British Academy Results reveal that non-selective syntax in English sentence comprehension is limited to bilinguals with higher Welsh verbal fluency. This result suggests for the first time directionality in cross-language syntactic activation in early bilinguals.

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Language nonselective lexical access in bilingual toddlers

Cited by 98 publications

References 70 publications

Perceptual Similarity Modulates Context Effects in Online Compensation for Phonological Variation

Perceptual Similarity Modulates Context Effects in Online Compensation for Phonological Variation

Do two and three year old children use an incremental first-NP-as-agent bias to process active transitive and passive sentences?: A permutation analysis.

Language non-selective syntactic activation in early bilinguals: the role of verbal fluency

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