Language impairment and comorbid vulnerabilities among young people in custody

Hughes, Nathan; Chitsabesan, Prathiba; Bryan, Karen; Borschmann, Rohan; Swain, Nathaniel; Lennox, Charlotte; Shaw, Jenny

doi:10.1111/jcpp.12791

Cited by 34 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Even though methodological and cultural variations are likely to be responsible for some of the variation in prevalence rates, they all report higher proportions than what would be expected in the general population. Previous research has highlighted the need for consideration of such high levels of DLD when interventions in the YJS are being planned and delivered (Hughes et al ., ; Snow et al ., ). Our findings concur with this approach and extend this to the population of young female offenders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Previous research has mainly focused on incarcerated (Bryan et al ., ; Hughes et al ., ) young offenders or those on intensive community orders (Gregory & Bryan, ). This study provides novel evidence pertaining to the needs of young people new to the YJS and allows for the application of this knowledge when planning intervention and rehabilitative programmes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psycholinguistic and socioemotional characteristics of young offenders: Do language abilities and gender matter?

Winstanley

Webb

Conti‐Ramsden

2019

Legal Criminol Psychol

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Purpose Previous research demonstrates an association between developmental language disorder (DLD) and criminal offending. International research also implicates alexithymia as being over‐represented in forensic samples. This study provides a comprehensive examination of the psycholinguistic and socioemotional profiles of males and females in the youth justice system, with a focus on first‐time entrants. In the context of restorative justice (RJ) underpinning youth justice disposals, this allows for informed intervention and identifies those who may be compromised in their ability to effectively engage in certain interventions. Methods Participants (N = 145) from a triage centre and youth offending teams, with a mean age of 15.8, completed a range of standardized psycholinguistic assessments considering non‐verbal IQ, expressive and receptive language measures, and literacy. Additionally, socioemotional measures completed included The Alexithymia Scale and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results Developmental language disorder was present in 87 participants. Except for the emotional score, no statistically significant gender differences were found. The mean language scores for the DLD group were more than 2.25 standard deviations below the normative mean, and they demonstrated greater literacy difficulties. A high proportion of the group met the criteria for alexithymia/possible alexithymia (60%), and this was not associated with DLD. Conclusions High prevalence values for DLD and socioemotional difficulties, not generally gender‐specific, were found. These difficulties have the possibility to compromise a young person's ability to engage in rehabilitative strategies. Language assessment and identification of difficulties, especially DLD, upon entry to the youth justice service, would assist when planning interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psycholinguistic and socioemotional characteristics of young offenders: Do language abilities and gender matter?

Winstanley

Webb

Conti‐Ramsden

2019

Legal Criminol Psychol

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“…In this review, the results showed similar discrepancy between males' and females' PTSD rates with females far outweighing males. Fitzgerald et al (2012) assert that adverse childhood experiences can shape the criminal career of individuals in contact with the criminal justice system and, there is a relationship between violent offending such as sexual offences, assaults, attempted murder, and childhood abuse (Hughes et al, 2017).…”

Section: Meta-regression Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have identified LDs among incarcerated youth as a major concern Hughes et al, 2017;Loucks, 2007;).…”

Section: Mental Disorders Among Incarcerated Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Mental Disorders and Symptoms Among Incarcerated Youth: A Meta-Analysis of 30 Studies

Livanou

Furtado

Winsper

et al. 2019

International Journal of Forensic Mental Health

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Incarcerated youth have high levels of mental disorders. However, there are no up to date reviews examining the prevalence rates of a broad range of mental disorders and symptoms across youth justice populations. The current review aims to bridge this gap. We conducted a systematic search of the literature using PsycINFO, Medline, Embase and Web of Science databases. We used meta-analyses to produce pooled prevalence figures for each mental health disorder and symptoms, and meta-regression to test for the moderating effects of covariates, such as gender. Thirty studies were included involving 8,153 participants. Meta-regression analysis showed that females had higher prevalence rates for depression, separation anxiety disorder and suicide. Males had higher prevalence rates for conduct disorder and emerging antisocial personality disorder. Emerging personality disorders (borderline personality disorder: 21%; 95% CI: 13-28%; antisocial personality disorder: 62%; 95% CI: 39-82%) were relatively common in both genders. The findings of this meta-analysis show the need for robust mental health services in custody settings. Adopting a developmentally-focused approach would increase understanding of incarcerated youth's needs and help to early detection of emerging personality symptoms. To improve young people's mental health, we need to ensure that services do not misidentify young people's needs due to diagnostic limitations.

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“…Statistically, more than half of young offenders in Scotland are likely to experience SLCN. Of those with SLCN, less than a quarter will have been referred to speech and language therapy (SLT) services (Hughes et al, 2017). Early recognition of SLCN is essential if a young person is to receive the necessary support to engage with and participate fully in the justice system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Police officers’ awareness of the speech, language and communication needs of young offenders

MacRae

Clark

2020

The Police Journal

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Around 60% of young people in conflict with the law experience speech, language and communication needs (SLCN). This study investigates Police Scotland officers’ awareness of the SLCN of young offenders, strategies officers use to support SLCN and their interest in further training on SLCN. A majority had worked with young offenders with SLCN and were fairly confident in recognising these needs. The most common support strategy was to involve outside agencies, specifically Appropriate Adults. Increased speech and language therapy services are needed to train Police Officers to recognise and support SLCN without reliance on other agencies.

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Language impairment and comorbid vulnerabilities among young people in custody

Cited by 34 publications

References 33 publications

Psycholinguistic and socioemotional characteristics of young offenders: Do language abilities and gender matter?

Psycholinguistic and socioemotional characteristics of young offenders: Do language abilities and gender matter?

Prevalence of Mental Disorders and Symptoms Among Incarcerated Youth: A Meta-Analysis of 30 Studies

Police officers’ awareness of the speech, language and communication needs of young offenders

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