Language ideology, identity and the commodification of language in the call centers of Pakistan

Rahman, Tariq

doi:10.1017/s0047404509090344

Cited by 96 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This is particularly the case with English (Heller, 2003;Rahman, 2009) (Carnoy, 1994). Equally, increased pressure has been exerted on HE by national governments to provide larger proportions of the population with those skills demanded by the labour market (Naidoo & Jamieson, 2005, p. 38).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Striking the balance: the role of English and German in a multilingual English-medium degree programme in German higher education

Earls

2013

Current Issues in Language Planning

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Striking the balance: the role of English and German in a multilingual English-medium degree programme in German higher education

Earls

2013

Current Issues in Language Planning

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“…Considering English's omnipresence in global business (Hilgendorf 2008), the value of English as "symbolic capital" (Bourdieu 1986:250) is currently higher than any other language (De Swaan 1998:65). More and more students, increasingly aware of its value for accessing greater resources and/or employment prospects (Heller 2010;Rahman 2009), are, therefore, seeking to develop their English skills in unison with a professional qualification. Furthermore, with exponential growth in the international student population associated with the introduction of English-medium education 20 and an accompanying increase in international student enrolment in German HE, 21 it is likely that HEIs will capitalise on this increase by expanding such programmes.…”

Section: English In the German He Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Setting the Catherine wheel in motion

Earls

2013

LPLP

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In today’s world, internationalisation is the key to survival for higher education institutions (HEIs). Many argue that English has become the most used language worldwide, the international language of wider communication in a variety of domains ranging from the professional to everyday life. Consequently, non-English speaking countries have entered into a process of introducing English-medium higher education as a means of overcoming any competitive disadvantage associated with their particular linguistic situation. As a result, an ideology has emerged amongst HEIs in non-English-speaking countries that internationalisation is synonymous with the introduction of English-medium degree programmes. This development has implications for the position of national languages in their higher education systems, and consequently as international languages of communication. It is, therefore, necessary to investigate the extent to which the adoption of such language-in-education reforms may potentially act as an impetus to a wider language shift in the countries comprising Kachru’s “expanding circle.” This paper explores the current process of “Englishization” within the German higher education system. By means of Strubell’s “Catherine Wheel” conceptual model, a potential language shift from German to English is postulated and its ramifications for German’s status and role as an international language are discussed.

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“…Educational institutions, where English is the medium of instruction, are very expensive (Rahman, 2009;p. 234).…”

Section: International Journal Of Linguisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Various Approaches towards the Functions of Code-Switching between Punjabi, Urdu and English

Alam¹

2011

IJL

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This paper aims at exploring the functions of code-switching between Punjabi, Urdu and English among multilingual Punjabi-Pakistanis staying in London through an integration of various approaches. The purpose in simultaneously applying a number of different approaches, under the umbrella term of macro-and micro-sociolinguistic perspectives, is to understand the multidimensional nature of these functions. The naturally occurring data used in this research was collected by an ethnographic-case-study approach and then analysed qualitatively according to various available approaches. This paper takes into consideration the constituents of multilingualism -the social function, role, speech community, status and norms of social usage of the languages and also conversational strategies adopted by the speakers. The result shows the diverse and asymmetric functions of code-switching among the participants.

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Language ideology, identity and the commodification of language in the call centers of Pakistan

Cited by 96 publications

References 35 publications

Striking the balance: the role of English and German in a multilingual English-medium degree programme in German higher education

Striking the balance: the role of English and German in a multilingual English-medium degree programme in German higher education

Setting the Catherine wheel in motion

Integration of Various Approaches towards the Functions of Code-Switching between Punjabi, Urdu and English

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