Language Dysfunction in Schizophrenia: Assessing Neural Tracking to Characterize the Underlying Disorder(s)?

Meyer, Lars; Lakatos, Péter L.; He, Yifei

doi:10.31234/osf.io/9akxz

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 134 publications

(181 reference statements)

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“…Language abnormalities are core features of psychosis and there is now substantial evidence that neural oscillations at both low and high frequencies synchronize to the rhythms of speech as well as support syntactic parsing and the processing of sentence‐level semantics 83,84 . Accordingly, investigations of oscillatory signatures during speech and language processing could provide novel insights into the circuit mechanism of language deficits 85,86 and several studies have examined this possibility. Ford et al 87 .…”

Section: Neural Oscillations In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Current findings and perspectives on aberrant neural oscillations in schizophrenia

Hirano

Uhlhaas

2021

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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There is now consistent evidence that neural oscillation at low‐ and high‐frequencies constitute an important aspect of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Specifically, impaired rhythmic activity may underlie the deficit to generate coherent cognition and behavior, leading to the characteristic symptoms of psychosis and cognitive deficits. Importantly, the generating mechanisms of neural oscillations are relatively well‐understood and thus enable the targeted search for the underlying circuit impairments and novel treatment targets. In the following review, we will summarize and assess the evidence for aberrant rhythmic activity in schizophrenia through evaluating studies that have utilized Electro/Magnetoencephalography to examine neural oscillations during sensory and cognitive tasks as well as during resting‐state measurements. These data will be linked to current evidence from post‐mortem, neuroimaging, genetics, and animal models that have implicated deficits in GABAergic interneurons and glutamatergic neurotransmission in oscillatory deficits in schizophrenia. Finally, we will highlight methodological and analytical challenges as well as provide recommendations for future research.

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Section: Neural Oscillations In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Current findings and perspectives on aberrant neural oscillations in schizophrenia

Hirano

Uhlhaas

2021

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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“…Schizophrenia is characterized by well-known deficits in the comprehension and production of speech, as well as impairments in the perception and production of gestures [ 46 ]. A functional network connectivity analysis conducted on patients with schizophrenia found disrupted communication between the anterior default mode network and the salience network that was positively associated with the severity of blunted affect [ 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aberrant salience correlates with psychotic dimensions in outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

et al. 2022

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Background Aberrant salience is a well-known construct associated with the development and maintenance of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. However, only a few studies have investigated aberrance salience as a trait, with no study investigating the association between the five aberrant salience domains and psychotic symptoms. We aimed to explore the role of aberrant salience and its domains on psychotic dimensions in both clinically remitted and non-remitted patients. Methods A sample of 102 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders was divided according to the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) remission criteria into two groups: remitted and non-remitted. Differences regarding psychotic symptomatology assessed by the PANSS and aberrant salience measured by the Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) were explored. Finally, a correlation analysis between the PANSS and the ASI was run. Results Significantly higher ASI scores were evident among non-remitted patients. Positive symptoms (i.e. delusions, conceptual disorganization, and hallucinatory behaviour) and general psychopathology (i.e. postural mannerisms, unusual thought content) were correlated to the aberrant salience subscales ‘sharpening of senses’, ‘heightened emotionality’ and ‘heightened cognition’ and with the ASI total score. Significant correlations emerged between negative symptoms (blunted affect and social withdrawal) and ‘heightened cognition'. Finally, lack of spontaneity of conversation was related to the subscales ‘heightened emotionality’ and ‘heightened cognition’, as well as to the ASI total score. Conclusions These preliminary results support the hypothesis of an association between aberrant salience and psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. Further research is needed, especially into the mechanisms underlying salience processing, in addition to social and environmental factors and cognitive variables.

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“…Finally, the possibility to generate informative predictors using parameters derived from AI models could have relevant clinical applications. For example, the presented methodology could be applied to investigate language dysfunctions in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, such as schizophrenia 41 or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 42 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining neural activity in human listeners with deep learning via natural language processing of narrative text

Russo

Ciarlo

Ponticorvo

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Deep learning (DL) approaches may also inform the analysis of human brain activity. Here, a state-of-art DL tool for natural language processing, the Generative Pre-trained Transformer version 2 (GPT-2), is shown to generate meaningful neural encodings in functional MRI during narrative listening. Linguistic features of word unpredictability (surprisal) and contextual importance (saliency) were derived from the GPT-2 applied to the text of a 12-min narrative. Segments of variable duration (from 15 to 90 s) defined the context for the next word, resulting in different sets of neural predictors for functional MRI signals recorded in 27 healthy listeners of the narrative. GPT-2 surprisal, estimating word prediction errors from the artificial network, significantly explained the neural data in superior and middle temporal gyri (bilaterally), in anterior and posterior cingulate cortices, and in the left prefrontal cortex. GPT-2 saliency, weighing the importance of context words, significantly explained the neural data for longer segments in left superior and middle temporal gyri. These results add novel support to the use of DL tools in the search for neural encodings in functional MRI. A DL language model like the GPT-2 may feature useful data about neural processes subserving language comprehension in humans, including next-word context-related prediction.

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Language Dysfunction in Schizophrenia: Assessing Neural Tracking to Characterize the Underlying Disorder(s)?

Cited by 6 publications

References 134 publications

Current findings and perspectives on aberrant neural oscillations in schizophrenia

Current findings and perspectives on aberrant neural oscillations in schizophrenia

Aberrant salience correlates with psychotic dimensions in outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Explaining neural activity in human listeners with deep learning via natural language processing of narrative text

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