Language contact outcomes as the result of bilingual optimization strategies

Muysken, Pieter

doi:10.1017/s1366728912000727

Cited by 219 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Ellis, 1998;Ellis & Larsen-Freeman, 2009;Larsen-Freeman, 1997;Mellow, 2008;O'Grady, 2005O'Grady, , 2008. 1 More recently, Muysken (2013) has put forward a proposal for a model in the context of historical language change within the framework of Optimality Theory. This model addresses language contact phenomena and the different bilingual optimisation strategies in specific contact situations.…”

Section: Some Background: Why This Model Is Neededmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The principle of maximising common ground enables us to understand numerous phenomena that have been previously described as 'convergence', 'positive transfer', 'bidirectional influence', 'bilingual-specific language use' or 'in-between performance' (e.g. see Pavlenko, 2014, p. 73), and as 'matching L1 and L2 patterns' in Muysken (2013). They are all driven by efficiency, as we see it, and specifically by the efficiency principles we define and exemplify here.…”

Section: Bilingual Linguistic Behaviors: Possible Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Complex Adaptive System Principles model for bilingualism: Language interactions within and across bilingual minds

Filipović

Hawkins

2018

International Journal of Bilingualism

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Aims and objectives/purpose/research question:We propose a model that captures general patterns in bilingual language processing, based on empirical evidence elicited in a variety of experimental studies. We begin by considering what linguistic outputs are logically possible when bilingual speakers communicate based on the typological features of two languages in the bilingual mind. Our aim is to explain why some outputs are more frequent or more likely than others in bilingual language use. Design/methodology/approach: Our empirically derived multi-factor model combines insights from various empirical studies of different bilingual populations and it includes a variety of methodologies and approaches, such as lexical categorisation, lexical priming, syntactic priming, event verbalisation and memory, historical language change, grammaticality judgments and observational reports. Data and analysis: We critically discuss both lexical and syntactic processing data, as well as data that reflect bilingual type differences and different communicative situations (i.e. who the bilingual speakers are talking to and for what purpose). Crucially, we explain when the relevant factors collaborate and when they compete. Originality: There are three main reasons why this paper can be deemed original: 1) it offers a unified model for understanding bilingual language processing that is not focused on a single factor or a single linguistic level, as has most often been the case in the past; 2) it brings together the study of bilingualism from both psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives and in a unifying fashion, which is rare in the literature; and 3) it creates a platform for testing numerous predictions that are not dependent on any one theory. Significance/implications: This new model opens up new avenues for research into bilingual language processing for all types of bilingual speakers and in different communicative situations. It captures and explains the variety of outputs in bilingual communication and enables us to make predictions about communicative outcomes.

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Section: Some Background: Why This Model Is Neededmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bilingual Linguistic Behaviors: Possible Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complex Adaptive System Principles model for bilingualism: Language interactions within and across bilingual minds

Filipović

Hawkins

2018

International Journal of Bilingualism

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“…We follow Muysken (2013) who advocates a scenario approach to the study of language contact. Muysken (2013: 710) formulates the language contact scenario approach as follows:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability in Chinese and Malay heritage languages as a source of divergence

Aalberse

Moro

2014

Studies in Language Variation

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This article discusses Malay and Chinese heritage languages as spoken in the Netherlands. Heritage speakers are dominant in another language and use their heritage language less. Moreover, they have qualitatively and quantitatively different input from monolinguals. Heritage languages are often described in terms of change. This article focuses on three types of stability in heritage speakers: stability in form, based on two case studies on progressive and definite marking, stability in function, based on a study on classifiers in Mandarin and Cantonese Chinese, and stability in form and function based on a study on the non-completion of the grammaticalization process of punya. We relate (non)-change to the influence of the dominant language as well as to more general effects of bilingualism.

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“…a creole). In this respect, we adopt in this paper the same approach as Muysken (2013), in that we examine a language contact phenomenon (in our case, convergence specifically) using speakers' SLA strategies as a point of departure and extending them to other language contact outcomes, such as creolization.…”

Section: Framework and Research Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the role of convergence in language acquisition, with implications for creole genesis

Baptista

Gelman

Beck

2014

International Journal of Bilingualism

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The main objective of this paper is to test experimentally the role of convergence in language acquisition (second language acquisition specifically), with implications for creole genesis. Although there is ample evidence that similar features in languages in contact are enhanced both in second language acquisition and the creation of new languages, scholars are rarely explicit about the exact nature of that similarity and have not been in a position to observe convergence in progress. Our experiment is unique on two fronts as it is the first to use an artificial language to test the convergence hypothesis by making it observable, and it is also the first experimental study to clarify the notion of similarity by varying the levels and types of similarity that are expressed. We report an experiment with 94 English-speaking adults, designed to test how language learners acquire a new language in which the form and function (meaning) of linguistic items are either similar to or distinct from those in their L1. A miniature artificial language was created that included morphological elements to express negation and pluralization. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: congruent (form and function of novel grammatical morphemes were highly similar to those in English), reversed (negative grammatical morpheme was highly similar to that of English plural, and plural grammatical morpheme was highly similar to that of English negation), and novel (form and function were highly dissimilar to those of English). For each task, scores were entered into a one-way ANOVA with condition as the between-subjects factor. Participants in the congruent condition performed best, indicating that features that converge across form and function are learned most fully. More surprisingly, results showed that participants in the reversed condition acquired the language more readily than those in the novel condition, contrary to expectation. This experiment contributes to a

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Language contact outcomes as the result of bilingual optimization strategies

Cited by 219 publications

References 94 publications

The Complex Adaptive System Principles model for bilingualism: Language interactions within and across bilingual minds

The Complex Adaptive System Principles model for bilingualism: Language interactions within and across bilingual minds

Stability in Chinese and Malay heritage languages as a source of divergence

Testing the role of convergence in language acquisition, with implications for creole genesis

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