Language Contact in the Danish West Indies: Giving Jack His Jacket

Sabino, Robin

doi:10.1163/9789004230705

Cited by 54 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Stolz (1988) discussed some of the differences. Sabino (2012) found the differences so great, that she decided to accept only the 20th-century materials as genuine records of Negerhollands. Nevertheless, despite considerable differences between 18th-century records and 20th-century records, a number of studies on Negerhollands blend early sources with newer sources, as if the structure of the language had remained intact throughout 250 years.…”

Section: Th-century Negerhollands Versus 20th-century Negerhollandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Dutch Creoles in Comparison

Bakker

2014

J Ger Ling

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Three Dutch creoles, all of them extinct, have been documented, but not all to the same extent. Negerhollands of the Virgin Islands has been documented throughout a 250-year period, Berbice Dutch of Guyana during two decades of solid fieldwork in the 1970s and 1980s, and Skepi Dutch is only known through a handful of sentences and some 200 words collected in the 1970s. In this article, the lexical and grammatical data from the three creoles are compared, to the extent that they are available and comparable. The lexicons are compared on the basis of the etymological sources (from Dutch and other languages, and when the source is Dutch, whether the same or different words provide source for the same meanings), and the phonological and phonotactic patterns of the roots. The grammatical comparison is done initially on the basis of the 10 grammatical traits deductible from the scarce Skepi material, and then on the basis of a larger set of 22 traits, where Skepi could not be taken into account. Typologically, Berbice Dutch appears closer to Dutch than the other two creoles, but lexically it is farthest from Dutch. For some of the analyses, phylogenetic software was used to visualize connections and distances between each of the creoles and Dutch. The conclusion is that the three creoles came into being independently, with some areal contact between Skepi Dutch and Berbice Dutch. It is also argued that the varieties of the 20th-century Negerhollands had become so typologically distinct from those of the 18th century that they should be treated as varieties of two separate languages. The documented forms of the language show a gradual move away from Dutch and toward a more creole-like profile in the 20th century.*

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Section: Th-century Negerhollands Versus 20th-century Negerhollandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Dutch Creoles in Comparison

Bakker

2014

J Ger Ling

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“…Negerhollands used to be spoken in the 18th century by colonists of European descent too. They spoke a variety of Negerhollands which has 29 The data are taken from Hackert 2004:212. been referred to as Hoch Kreol in Pontoppidan 1881, a term adopted in Sabino 1990Sabino , 2012. Native German and Danish missionaries constitute another group of Negerhollands users.…”

Section: Marking On the Preceding Verb (Syntactic Priming)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have written many works in the language in which they almost invariably use a past marker to mark past time reference. This variety is referred to as Liturgical Creole in Sabino 1990Sabino , 1996Sabino , 2012 The German speaking Moravian missionaries used the form a, while the Danish missionaries used ha. The only source written by a representative of the colonial society is Magens 1770 grammar containing everyday life dialogues.…”

Section: Marking On the Preceding Verb (Syntactic Priming)mentioning

confidence: 99%

What's Past Is Past: Variation in the Expression of Past Time Reference in Negerhollands Narratives

Sluijs

2014

J Ger Ling

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Negerhollands (or Virgin Islands Dutch Creole) is the extinct Dutchlexified creole of present-day US Virgin Islands. One of the typical features of Caribbean creoles is the occurrence of both, overtly marked and unmarked pasts. This has been attested in Negerhollands, where there is variation between preverbal (h)a and the bare verb. Studies in a number of creole languages have shown that such variation is not random. Following up on these results, I investigate the impact of factors such as narrative discourse function, aspect, and syntactic priming on the expression of past time reference in 20th-century Negerhollands through a quantitative variationist study. The results show that the factors conditioning past time reference marking in Negerhollands resemble those in other creole languages but with an entirely different outcome: Whereas other (English-lexified) creoles typically use unmarked pasts, Negerhollands typically uses overt pasts. This may reflect Akan substrate influence rather than being a sign of language death. *

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“…In the 1960s Gilbert Sprauve (University of the US Virgin Islands) interviewed some last speakers and he worked with them until the 1980s. Robin Sabino (Auburn University, USA) was the last one to learn the language from the last native speaker of Negerhollands (Sabino 1990(Sabino , 2012. In the 1980s Peter Stein (Regensburg University, Germany), discovered amongst other texts, a collection of 150 slave letters in Herrnhut, Germany.…”

Section: A Brief Sketch Of Negerhollandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From 1672 on European and CaribbeanEuropean colonists, and their slaves, inhabited St. Thomas. Stein & Stolz (1986) and Sabino (1990Sabino ( , 2012 show the demographical factors which were important for the development of a creole language on the Danish Antilles. A closer look at the Danish census of St. Thomas from 1691, 1 written in Dutch, shows that 42% of the ones born in Europe were Dutch and 19% were Danish.…”

Section: Search For the Origin Of Negerhollandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a digital corpus for the study of the earliest stages of Negerhollands

Rossem¹

2014

STUF - Language Typology and Universals

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In this article I show three methods to use the Negerhollands computer corpus for a better understanding of the eighteenth century variety of Negerhol lands. The first one is the study of metalinguistic comments which are taken up in several manuscripts. The second method is stemma/variety research between and within texts with the same content. The third method to study the do's and doubts of the first translators in order to present the right variety of the language is the analysis of annotations, changes and erasures of the writers. This philolog ical approach was common in Medieval studies, for instance, but is hardly used with respect to Creole languages.

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Language Contact in the Danish West Indies: Giving Jack His Jacket

Cited by 54 publications

References 0 publications

Three Dutch Creoles in Comparison

Three Dutch Creoles in Comparison

What's Past Is Past: Variation in the Expression of Past Time Reference in Negerhollands Narratives

Using a digital corpus for the study of the earliest stages of Negerhollands

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