Language, cognition, and short-term memory in individuals with Down syndrome

Chapman, Robin S.; Hesketh, Linda J.

doi:10.3104/reviews.108

Cited by 145 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…However, beyond this, evidence consistently points to a tendency toward specifically poorer vSTM in this population (Jarrold & Baddeley, 1997;Jarrold, Baddeley, & Hewes, 2000) that becomes apparent in childhood (Chapman & Hesketh, 2001). While not strictly observed in every single individual with DS (Vallar & Papagno, 1993), this very common tendency for poorer vSTM performance is relative to performance in comparable visuo-spatial STM tasks and compared to matched control groups, of both typically developing children and other learning disabled groups (Brock & Jarrold, 2005;Hulme & Mackenzie, 1992;Jarrold & Baddeley, 1997;Jarrold, Baddeley, & Hewes, 2000;Jarrold, Cowan, Hewes, & Riby, 2004;Laws & Bishop, 2003;Vicari, Marotta, & Carlesimo, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

Demonstrating the effects of phonological similarity and frequency on item and order memory in Down syndrome using process dissociation

Smith

Jarrold

2014

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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It is important to distinguish between memory for item and order information when considering the nature of verbal short-term memory (vSTM) performance. While other researchers have attempted to make this distinction between item and order memory in children, none have done so using process dissociation. This study shows that such an approach can be particularly useful and informative. Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) tend to experience a vSTM deficit. These two experiments explored whether phonological similarity (Exp 1) and item frequency (Exp 2), affected vSTM for item and order information in a group of individuals with DS compared to typically developing (TD) vocabularymatched children. Process dissociation was used to obtain measures of item and order memory, via Nairne and Kelley's (2004) procedure. Those with DS were poorer than the matched TD group for recall of both item and order information. However, in both populations phonologically similar items reduced order memory but enhanced item memory, while high frequency items resulted in improvements in both item and order memory; effects that are in line with previous research in the adult literature. These results indicate that, despite poorer vSTM performance in DS, individuals experience phonological coding of verbal input, and a contribution of LTM knowledge to recall. These findings inform routes for interventions for those with DS, highlighting the need to enhance both item and order memory. Moreover, this work demonstrates that process dissociation is applicable and informative for studying special populations and children.Keywords: Verbal short-term memory, Item memory, Order Memory, Down syndrome, Process dissociation, Phonological similarity effect, Frequency 3 Demonstrating the effects of phonological similarity and frequency upon item and order memory in Down syndrome, using process dissociation Verbal short-term memory (vSTM) refers to the limited capacity system for the storage and maintenance of short-term verbal information.

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confidence: 81%

Demonstrating the effects of phonological similarity and frequency on item and order memory in Down syndrome using process dissociation

Smith

Jarrold

2014

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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“…As is true for children with other genetic disorders, children with Down syndrome manifest a unique profile of linguistic, cognitive, affective-motivational, and social abilities in early childhood. Although developmentally delayed, children with Down syndrome vary in the level of their general cognitive functioning from severely retarded to nearly normal (Chapman & Hesketh, 2001). Their delayed yet variable development allows for a more precise examination of the sequences of various aspects of their language and nonverbal development than is possible with typical children with more rapid development .…”

Section: Down Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence for both delayed and deviant aspects of early language and nonverbal cognitive development has been reported for children with Down syndrome (Abbeduto & Murphy, 2004;Beeghly, Weiss-Perry, & Cicchetti, 1990;Chapman & Hesketh, 2001;Fowler, 1990;Miller, 1990). With increasing age, young children with Down syndrome exhibit increasing linguistic deficits in relation to their nonverbal cognitive abilities (Chapman, 2003;Chapman & Hesketh, 2001), including pretend play (Beeghly, 1997;Beeghly, Perry, & Cicchetti, 1989;Cielinski, Vaughn, Seifer, & Contreras, 1995).…”

Section: Down Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

“…With increasing age, young children with Down syndrome exhibit increasing linguistic deficits in relation to their nonverbal cognitive abilities (Chapman, 2003;Chapman & Hesketh, 2001), including pretend play (Beeghly, 1997;Beeghly, Perry, & Cicchetti, 1989;Cielinski, Vaughn, Seifer, & Contreras, 1995). However, production delays tend to exceed comprehension delays, and syntactic skills are more severely compromised than lexical or pragmatic abilities Fowler, 1990;Miller, 1990).…”

Section: Down Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

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Translational research on early language development: Current challenges and future directions

Beeghly

2006

Develop. Psychopathol.

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There is a pressing need for the early and accurate identification of young children at risk for language and other developmental disabilities and the provision of timely, age-appropriate intervention, as mandated by Part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Research has shown that early intervention is effective for many language impaired children in different etiological groups, and can reduce the functional impact of persistent disorders on children and their families. Yet, the accurate identification of infants and toddlers at risk for language impairment remains elusive, especially for late-talking children without obvious genetic or neurological conditions. In this paper, the need for translational research on basic processes in early language development in typical and atypical populations and the contextual factors that affect them are discussed, along with current challenges and future directions for its successful implementation. Implications of this research for clinical evidence-based practice are also considered.

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“…In addition, compared to visual and spatial STM, DS individuals revealed poorer verbal STM capacity. (Chapman & Hesketh, 2001;Jarrold & Baddeley, 1997;Laws, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Long-term Music Training on Verbal Short Term Memory of Individuals With Down Syndrome

Mizuno

Osugi

Sakuma

et al. 2013

JSER

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Individuals with Down syndrome (DS) are known to have poor verbal faculties, and numerous studies have shown impaired verbal short-term memory (STM). In this study, we examine whether long-term training in music can enhance the digit span of verbal STM among individuals with DS. Four musically trained and four untrained individuals with DS and eight typically developed (TD) persons participated in the experiment, where they were asked to recite digit strings (from 2 to 5 digits) that were uttered by a vocaloid, i.e. a vocal synthesizer, and the number of trials they could recall correctly was scored. TD participants could recall almost all digit strings correctly. e musically trained DS (MDS) group has signi cantly higher score from the 2-digits to 4-digits string test than the untrained DS (UDS) group. e results show that long-term music training can enhance the verbal STM of individuals with DS.

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Language, cognition, and short-term memory in individuals with Down syndrome

Cited by 145 publications

References 23 publications

Demonstrating the effects of phonological similarity and frequency on item and order memory in Down syndrome using process dissociation

Demonstrating the effects of phonological similarity and frequency on item and order memory in Down syndrome using process dissociation

Translational research on early language development: Current challenges and future directions

Effect of Long-term Music Training on Verbal Short Term Memory of Individuals With Down Syndrome

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