Network researchers need to embrace the challenge of designing the next-generation highperformance networking and software infrastructures that address the growing demand of distributed applications. These applications, particularly those potential "game changers" or "killer apps", such as voice-over-IP (VoIP) and peer-to-peer (P2P) applications surfaced in recent years, will significantly influence the way people conduct business and go about their daily lives. These distributed applications also include platforms that facilitate large-scale scientific experimentation through remote control and visualization. Many large-scale science applications-such as those in the field of astronomy, astrophysics, climate and environmental science, material science, particle physics, and social science-depend on the availability of high-performance facilities and advanced experimental instruments. Extreme networking capabilities together with effective high-end middleware infrastructures are of great importance to interconnecting these applications, computing resources and experimental facilities. "When all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail." The success of advancing critical technologies, to a large extent, depends on the available tools that can help effectively prototype, test, and analyze new designs and new ideas. Traditionally, network research has relied on a variety of tools. Physical network testbeds, such as WAIL (Barford and Landweber, 2003) and PlanetLab (Peterson et al., 2002), provide physical network connectivity; these testbeds are designed specifically for studying network protocols and services under real network conditions. However, the network condition of these testbeds is by and large constrained by the physical setup of the system and therefore inflexible for network researchers to explore a wide spectrum of the design space. To allow more flexibility, some of these testbeds, such as EmuLab (White et al., 2002) and VINI (Bavier et al., 2006), also offer emulation capabilities by modulating network traffic according to configuration and traffic condition of the target network. Physical and emulation testbeds currently are the mainstream for experimental networking research, primarily due to their capability of achieving desirable realism and accuracy. These testbeds, however, are costly to build. Due to limited resources available, conducting prolonged large-scale experiments on these platforms is difficult. Another solution is to use analytical models. Although analytical models are capable of bringing us important insight to the system design, dealing with a system as complex as the global network requires significantly simplified assumptions to be made to keep the models tractable. These simplified assumptions often 12 www.intechopen.com