Language attitudes and the subjective perception of language in San Andrés and Providencia (Colombia)

Abstract

This paper investigates language attitudes among Raizales from San Andrés and Providencia islands, Colombia. The paper analyzes stereotypical associations to Creole, Spanish, and English and addresses the question of whether or not the perception of linguistic stimuli is a function of the input-language. The study combined a matched-guise (MG) technique and a qualitative approach using a free association task to disclose emic categories to perceive and judge the languages. The results show that the perception of language is very stereotypical and dependent on whether or not the speaker is perceived as a member of the Raizal ethnic group. The MG results showed that speech is perceived differently as a function of the input-language. Spanish stimuli received the lowest scores as compared to Creole and English, suggesting a negative attitude toward Spanish in San Andrés. The paper provides empirical evidence of the perception of language as a response of ethnicity.

Sampling Signers in Providence Island: Reflections on a Small-Scale Documentation Project

“…Spanish is commonly used in official settings, as a result of pressures for national assimilation from the central government (Ramírez-Cruz, 2017). English is found in religious settings, especially in some churches (García León & García León, 2019;Ramírez-Cruz, 2017). In this multilingual setting, the creole is the dominant language, however there is frequent borrowing and code mixing with Spanish (Bartens, 2013), especially among younger generations.…”