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“…are the space-dependent densities of CF + 3 , F − and CF − 3 ions in the sheath.ŝ p,g is the maximum of the time-dependent sheath width at the powered and grounded electrode, s p,g (t), calculated according to Brinkmann [88]:…”
Section: The Analytical Model Of the Eaementioning
The electron heating and the electrical asymmetry effect (EAE) in electronegative dual-frequency capacitive CF 4 discharges are investigated by particle-in-cell simulations and analytical modeling. One electrode is driven at 13.56 and 27.12 MHz with fixed but adjustable phase shift, θ , between the driving harmonics. First, the electron heating and ionization rates are studied, space and time resolved, for different phase shifts and pressures. The results are compared with those obtained for an electropositive gas (argon). In contrast to classical α-or γ-mode operation, we observe the electron heating and ionization rates to be high inside the bulk. This bulk heating mode is a consequence of the high electronegativity of CF 4 discharges, where the conductivity in the bulk is low due to the low density of electrons. Thus, a high electric field builds up to drive the RF current through the bulk causing a high electron mean energy and ionization rate in the discharge center. Second, we investigate the consequences of the bulk heating on the EAE. We focus on the electrical generation of a dc self-bias as a function of θ and the quality of the separate control of the ion mean energy and flux at the electrodes by tuning θ. Compared with argon discharges the high voltage drop across the plasma bulk and the specific ionization dynamics affect the bias generation and the separate control of ion properties. These effects are described and explained by an analytical model.
“…are the space-dependent densities of CF + 3 , F − and CF − 3 ions in the sheath.ŝ p,g is the maximum of the time-dependent sheath width at the powered and grounded electrode, s p,g (t), calculated according to Brinkmann [88]:…”
Section: The Analytical Model Of the Eaementioning
The electron heating and the electrical asymmetry effect (EAE) in electronegative dual-frequency capacitive CF 4 discharges are investigated by particle-in-cell simulations and analytical modeling. One electrode is driven at 13.56 and 27.12 MHz with fixed but adjustable phase shift, θ , between the driving harmonics. First, the electron heating and ionization rates are studied, space and time resolved, for different phase shifts and pressures. The results are compared with those obtained for an electropositive gas (argon). In contrast to classical α-or γ-mode operation, we observe the electron heating and ionization rates to be high inside the bulk. This bulk heating mode is a consequence of the high electronegativity of CF 4 discharges, where the conductivity in the bulk is low due to the low density of electrons. Thus, a high electric field builds up to drive the RF current through the bulk causing a high electron mean energy and ionization rate in the discharge center. Second, we investigate the consequences of the bulk heating on the EAE. We focus on the electrical generation of a dc self-bias as a function of θ and the quality of the separate control of the ion mean energy and flux at the electrodes by tuning θ. Compared with argon discharges the high voltage drop across the plasma bulk and the specific ionization dynamics affect the bias generation and the separate control of ion properties. These effects are described and explained by an analytical model.
“…The solid lines in figure 8 are the result of a fluid sheath model [44,45] using experimentally obtained input parameters such as pressure, voltage, electron density and electron temperature. Good agreement between experiment and simulation is found.…”
Section: Electric Field Measurementsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, from these investigations at low pressures, the nature of this excitation mechanism in terms of electron beams is now obvious. From the slope of the beam trajectory the electron drift velocity In this context the sheath edge is defined according to Brinkmann [45] as spatial position s, where the following condition is fulfilled:…”
Section: Excitation Dynamicsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Figure 14 shows the spatial and temporal evolution of the electric field in the boundary sheath of an asymmetric CCRF discharge at 1 Pa and 8 W in krypton at the powered electrode. The markers correspond to measured fields using FDS and the solid lines to the result of a fluid sheath model [44,45] using experimentally determined input parameters. Good agreement between experiment and theory is found.…”
Section: Current and Voltage Measurementsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The measured spatio-temporal profiles of the electric field in the sheath are compared with the results of a fluid sheath model [44,45] with experimentally obtained input parameters (pressure, voltage, electron density and electron temperature). The density of electrons above 12 eV is calculated space and time resolved by a hybrid Monte Carlo simulation using the electric fields resulting from the fluid model as input parameters [10,46].…”
Electron dynamics in a strongly asymmetric capacitively coupled radio-frequency (RF) discharge at low pressures is investigated by a combination of various diagnostics, analytical models and simulations. Electric fields in the sheath are measured phase and space resolved using fluorescence dip spectroscopy in krypton. The results are compared with a fluid sheath model. Experimentally obtained input parameters are used for the model. The excitation caused by beam-like highly energetic electrons is measured by phase resolved optical emission spectroscopy (PROES) and compared with the results of a hybrid Monte Carlo model based on the electric field resulting from the sheath model. The plasma itself is characterized by Langmuir probe measurements in terms of electron density, electron mean energy and electron energy distribution function (EEDF). The RF voltage and the current to the chamber wall are measured in parallel. At low pressures the plasma series resonance (PSR) effect is observed. It leads to high frequency oscillations of the current (non-sinusoidal RF current waveforms) and, consequently, to a faster sheath expansion. The measured current is compared with an analytical PSR model. Another analytical model using experimentally obtained input parameters determines the influence of beams of highly energetic electrons on the time averaged isotropic EEDF as measured by Langmuir probes. The main result is the observation of beams of highly energetic electrons during the sheath expansion phase, that are enhanced by the PSR effect. The paper shows that the nature of stochastic heating is closely related to electron beams and the PSR effect.
Spatial structure of high-density radio frequency ring-shaped magnetized discharge plasma sputtering with two facing ZnO/Al2O3 cylindrical targets mounted in ring-shaped hollow cathode has been measured and Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin film is deposited without substrate heating. The plasma density has a peak at ring-shaped hollow trench near the cathode. The radial profile becomes uniform with increasing the distance from the target cathode. A low ion current flowing to the substrate of 0.19 mA/cm2 is attained. Large area AZO films with a resistivity of 4.1 – 6.7×10-4 Ω cm can be prepared at a substrate room temperature. The transmittance is 84.5 % in a visible region. The surface roughnesses of AZO films are 0.86, 0.68, 0.64, 1.7 nm at radial positions of r = 0, 15, 30, 40 mm, respectively, while diffraction peak of AZO films is 34.26°. The grains exhibit a preferential orientation along (002) axis.
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