Langerhans cells in the skin and oral mucosa: Brothers in arms?

Brand, Anna; Hovav, Avi‐Hai; Clausen, Björn E.

doi:10.1002/eji.202149499

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 116 publications

(148 reference statements)

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“…Langerhans cells, especially those in an immature state, are more likely to instruct inflammatory responses upon migration to lymph nodes [ 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 96 , 97 , 98 ]. We then evaluated whether fluorescein-sensitized Langerhans’ cells traveled to lymph nodes in greater numbers and/or at accelerated rates in 60-day-old BE mice when compared to their S counterparts, since reduced migration of these cells downsizes the contact hypersensitivity response [ 99 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking beyond Self-Protection: The Eyes Instruct Systemic Immune Tolerance Early in Life

Villafán,

Gutiérrez-Ospina

2023

Brain Sciences

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The eyes provide themselves with immune tolerance. Frequent skin inflammatory diseases in young blind people suggest, nonetheless, that the eyes instruct a systemic immune tolerance that benefits the whole body. We tested this premise by using delayed skin contact hypersensitivity (DSCH) as a tool to compare the inflammatory response developed by sighted (S) and birth-enucleated (BE) mice against oxazolone or dinitrofluorobenzene at the ages of 10, 30 and 60 days of life. Adult mice enucleated (AE) at 60 days of age were also assessed when they reached 120 days of life. BE mice displayed exacerbated DSCH at 60 but not at 10 or 30 days of age. AE mice, in contrast, show no exacerbated DSCH. Skin inflammation in 60-day-old BE mice was hapten exclusive and supported by distinct CD8+ lymphocytes. The number of intraepidermal T lymphocytes and migrating Langerhans cells was, however, similar between S and BE mice by the age of 60 days. Our observations support the idea that the eyes instruct systemic immune tolerance that benefits organs outside the eyes from an early age. The higher prevalence of inflammatory skin disorders reported in young people might then reflect reduced immune tolerance associated with the impaired functional morphology of the eyes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking beyond Self-Protection: The Eyes Instruct Systemic Immune Tolerance Early in Life

Villafán,

Gutiérrez-Ospina

2023

Brain Sciences

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“…This cyclic process not only keeps the mucosa balanced but also expels colonizing microorganisms. The oral mucosa primarily serves as an impermeable mechanical barrier, preventing most microorganisms from infiltrating the deeper tissues (Brand et al., 2023). The continual generation of fresh cells maintains a homeostatic equilibrium within the mucosa, and the simultaneous removal of exfoliated cells aids in the expulsion of oral microorganisms (Ptasiewicz et al., 2022).…”

Section: The Roles Of Three Components In the Oral–microbiota–brain Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

The coming future: The role of the oral–microbiota–brain axis in aroma release and perception

Xi,

Yu,

et al. 2024

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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The field of aroma release and perception during the oral process has been well studied. However, the traditional approaches have not fully explored the integration of oral biology, microbiology, and neurology to further understand aroma release and perception mechanisms. Herein, to address the existing challenges in this field, we introduce the oral–microbiota–brain axis (OMBA), an innovative framework that encapsulates the interactive relationships among saliva and the oral mucosa, the oral microbiota, and the brain in aroma release and perception. This review introduces the OMBA and highlights its role as a key interface facilitating the sensory experience of aroma. Based on a comprehensive literature survey, the specific roles of the oral mucosa, oral microbiota, saliva, and brain in the OMBA are discussed. This integrated approach reveals the importance of each component and the interconnected relationships within this axis in the overall process of aroma release and perception. Saliva and the oral mucosa play fundamental roles in aroma release and perception; the oral microbiota regulates aroma release and impacts olfactory perception; and the brain's intricate neural circuitry is central to the decoding and interpretation of aroma signals. The components of this axis are interdependent, and imbalances can disrupt aroma perception. The OMBA framework not only enhances our comprehension of aroma release and perception but also paves the way for innovative applications that could heighten sensory experiences.

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“…This indicates the plasticity of LC differentiation, but the differentiation of mouth mucosal LCs is regulated by epithelial differentiation signals. Several studies have identified that oral mucosal LCs are composed of three distinct subsets, including CD103+LC1, CD11b+LC2, and moLC [65].…”

Section: Characteristics Of Langerhans Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Aspects of EBV and Oral Mucosa Interactions in Oral Lichen Planus

Čēma,

Kakar,

Dzudzilo

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Oral lichen planus (OLP) is considered a T cell-mediated chronic inflammatory process activated by an unknown antigen, making basal keratinocytes vulnerable to a cytotoxic cell mediated immune response. The aim of this review is to summarize information on the role and pathways of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and immune cells in inducing OLP as an autoimmune lesion. The pathogenesis of OLP is analyzed from immunological aspects of interactions between EBV and oral mucosa. The results of the available studies allow us to assume that EBV can act both as an exogenous and an endogenous antigen in the pathogenesis of OLP. We emphasized the role of antigen-presenting cells (APC), such as dendritic cells (Langerhans cells, LC), in detecting and capturing antigens and modulating the adaptive immune response. Although EBV shows tropism for B cells and epithelial cells, under certain conditions it can infect monocytes, LCs, NK, and T lymphocytes. It means that under some circumstances of the chronic inflammatory process, EBV particles can react as endogenous agents. During the development of the autoimmune process, a decisive role is played by the loss of immune tolerance. Factors like the activity of cytokines, chemokines, and autoantibodies secreted by EBV-positive plasma cells, autoantigens formed due to virus protein mimicry of human proteins, new self-peptides released from damaged tissues, self-reactive B and T cells, dysregulation of LC function, the anti-apoptotic effect of EBV early lytic antigens, and an imbalance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune cells facilitate the development of an autoimmune process.

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Langerhans cells in the skin and oral mucosa: Brothers in arms?

Cited by 12 publications

References 116 publications

Looking beyond Self-Protection: The Eyes Instruct Systemic Immune Tolerance Early in Life

Looking beyond Self-Protection: The Eyes Instruct Systemic Immune Tolerance Early in Life

The coming future: The role of the oral–microbiota–brain axis in aroma release and perception

Immunological Aspects of EBV and Oral Mucosa Interactions in Oral Lichen Planus

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