Langerhans cell sarcoma presenting as a mediastinal mass in a young infant: a case report

Abstract

Langerhans Cell Sarcoma is an extremely rare disease. Its manifestations vary though skin, lymph-node and bone involvement are most commonly reported. It is an aggressive disease with a poor outcome. We report a six-week-old infant with Langerhans cell sarcoma who presented with a mediastinal mass causing respiratory distress. The diagnosis was made on histopathology and immunohistochemistry of biopsy of the mass. The tumour did not respond to chemotherapy and the baby died within weeks of diagnosis due to respiratory failure. To the best of our knowledge, this is among the youngest patients reported to have a Langerhans cell sarcoma.