Landuse change detection in a surface coal mine area using multi-temporal high-resolution satellite images

A Review of Fine-Scale Land Use and Land Cover Classification in Open-Pit Mining Areas by Remote Sensing Techniques

“…Richter et al [34] classified acid mine drainage pollution zones in tailing areas, into tailings zone (very high), dry vegetation zone (high), transition zone (low to medium), and vegetated island (very low to low). Demirel et al [35,36] examined three mining related land cover types: mine, dump, and coal stockpile.…”

“…In previous research employing HR images, the widely used spectral band and several spectral indexes, such as vegetation index [30,35], were considered as the input features of the classification process.…”

“…References opencast stope, mineral processing land, dumping site 3 [35] reclaimed herbaceous vegetation, reclaimed woody vegetation, barren (including haul roads, active quarries, land disturbed by mining) 3 [22][23][24] mine-reclaimed grassland (including reclaimed land within mine sites and valley fills dominated by herbaceous vegetation) 1 [25] open stope, stripping area, waste-dump area, mine industrial area 4 [26] active, disturbed vegetation and pasture, rehabilitation, remnant, spoil/waste, and water management 6 [27] coal deposit, over burden dump, mine dump 3 [28] tree cover, dense grass, sparse grass, bare ground 4 [29] coal mining excavation cities, coal dump areas 2 [30] active mine, reclaimed mine (including grass, woodland, forest) 2 [16] opencast mining (coal), overburden dump 2 [12] bare tailings, exposed lime, water/wet tailings 3 [31] tailings zone, dry vegetation zone, transition zone, vegetated islands 4 [32] mine, dump, coal stockpile 3 [33,34] …”

“…For LCCMA, the following remote sensing data have been utilized: (1) Landsat images [14,18,28,30,32]; (2) high-resolution images such as ZiYuan-3 [27,41], RapidEye [24][25][26], SPOT-5 [31], IKONOS [35,36], and QuickBird [35,36]; (3) airborne aerial images [24,29,33,34]. For details, see Table 2.…”

“…ZiYuan-3 stereo satellite imagery [41] RapidEye [24] RapidEye, LiDAR [25,26] Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 8 OLI [28,30] Aerial imagery from Bing Maps, Google Maps imagery, NAIP [27,29] SPOT-5 imagery, DEM from aerial photographic stereo pairs [31] Landsat TM, Landsat ETM+, Landsat ETM [32] Landsat MSS, Landsat TM, Landsat ETM+ [18] Landsat MSS, Landsat TM, IRS LISS-II [14] Airborne high spatial and spectral resolution Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager, hyperspectral data acquired with the Probe-1 airborne imager [33] Hyperspectral data acquired with the TRWIS III [34] IKONOS, QuickBird [35,36] HR images often have four bands; thus, identifying land cover at a fine scale using only spectral curves becomes difficult. In previous research employing HR images, the widely used spectral band and several spectral indexes, such as vegetation index [30,35], were considered as the input features of the classification process.…”