Landsliding and sediment flux in the Central Swiss Alps: A photogrammetric study of the Schimbrig landslide, Entlebuch

Schwab, Marco; Rieke‐Zapp, Dirk; Schneider, Heinz; Liniger, M.; Schlunegger, Fritz

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.08.019

Cited by 79 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Landslides in cohesive soils, such as rotational slides, translational slides, and slumps, often form the movement of coherent soil clods around a slip surface, in contrast to other mass movement such as debris falls, debris/mud/earth flows, and debris avalanches in friction soil, where particles lose contact, start to mix and behave more like a liquid. Schwab et al (2008) confirmed that only a fraction of material displaced by earth slides may be released to the sediment transport system but that a landslide should be considered as a point sediment source in the drainage basin. The instantaneous release of material, even though at a small rate, can reach several tons if the landslide is large enough, causing high concentrations in the water for a limited period of time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…There are several recent studies on the sediment delivery from landslides, their contribution to the sediment flux, and erosion of the displaced toe (see for example Mackey and Roering, 2011;Schwab et al, 2008;Bayer and Linneman, 2011;Ono et al, 2011). In general, sediment discharge can be divided into stream channel sediment transport (bed load, suspended load, and wash load) and land surface transport (mass movement) (Mouri et al, 2011).…”

Section: Impact On Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mass transport of contaminated soil released into surface water by landslides (Göta River, SW Sweden)

Göransson

Larson

Bendz

et al. 2012

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Landslides of contaminated soil into surface water represent an overlooked exposure pathway that has not been addressed properly in existing risk analysis for landslide hazard, contaminated land, or river basin management. A landslide of contaminated soil into surface water implies an instantaneous exposure of the water to the soil, dramatically changing the prerequisites for the mobilisation and transport of pollutants. In this study, an analytical approach is taken to simulate the transport of suspended matter released in connection with landslides into rivers. Different analytical solutions to the advection-dispersion equation (ADE) were tested against the measured data from the shallow rotational, retrogressive landslide in clayey sediments that took place in 1993 on the Göta River, SW Sweden. The landslide encompassed three distinct events, namely an initial submerged slide, followed by a main slide, and a retrogressive slide. These slides generated three distinct and non-Gaussian peaks in the online turbidity recordings at the freshwater intake downstream the slide area. To our knowledge, this registration of the impact on a river of the sediment release from a landslide is one of few of its kind in the world and unique for Sweden. Considering the low frequency of such events, the data from this landslide are highly useful for evaluating how appropriate the ADE is to describe the effects of landslides into surface water. The results yielded realistic predictions of the measured variation in suspended particle matter (SPM) concentration, after proper calibration. For the three individual slides it was estimated that a total of about 0.6 % of the total landslide mass went into suspension and was transported downstream. This release corresponds to about 1 to 2 % of the annual suspended sediment transport for that river stretch. The studied landslide partly involved an industrial area, and by applying the analytical solution to estimate the transport of metals in the sediments, it was found that landslides may release a significant amount of pollutants if large contaminated areas are involved. However, further studies are needed to develop more detailed descriptions of the transport processes. There is also a need to increase the knowledge on possible environmental consequences in the near and far field, in a short-and long-time perspective. In summary, the release of pollutants should not be neglected in landslide risk assessments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Impact On Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass transport of contaminated soil released into surface water by landslides (Göta River, SW Sweden)

Göransson

Larson

Bendz

et al. 2012

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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show abstract

“…4 km 2 large, Rossloch River catchment, which is part of the Entle River drainage system (Schlunegger et al, 2016a, b). Previous studies on the Schimbrig landslide cover a broad temporal surveying scale from decades (Schwab et al, 2008) to one century (Savi et al, 2013). Our survey complements earlier work in the sense that we will substantially improve the temporal and particularly the spatial resolution of monitoring.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The same authors have not identified an immediate response of this earthflow to rainfall rates. On the decadal scale, volumetric changes of the Schimbrig flow were quantified using classic photogrammetry based on aerial photos from 1962 to 1998 by Schwab et al (2008). They showed that extreme and episodic changes in slope morphology do not affect the longterm sediment transport to the channel network.…”

Section: F Clapuyt Et Al: Unravelling Earth Flow Dynamics With 3-d mentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling earth flow dynamics with 3-D time series derived from UAV-SfM models

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Accurately assessing geo-hazards and quantifying landslide risks in mountainous environments are gaining importance in the context of the ongoing global warming. For an in-depth understanding of slope failure mechanisms, accurate monitoring of the mass movement topography at high spatial and temporal resolutions remains essential. The choice of the acquisition framework for high-resolution topographic reconstructions will mainly result from the trade-off between the spatial resolution needed and the extent of the study area. Recent advances in the development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based image acquisition combined with the structure-from-motion (SfM) algorithm for three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction make the UAV-SfM framework a competitive alternative to other high-resolution topographic techniques.In this study, we aim at gaining in-depth knowledge of the Schimbrig earthflow located in the foothills of the Central Swiss Alps by monitoring ground surface displacements at very high spatial and temporal resolution using the efficiency of the UAV-SfM framework. We produced distinct topographic datasets for three acquisition dates between 2013 and 2015 in order to conduct a comprehensive 3-D analysis of the landslide. Therefore, we computed (1) the sediment budget of the hillslope, and (2) the horizontal and (3) the three-dimensional surface displacements. The multitemporal UAV-SfM based topographic reconstructions allowed us to quantify rates of sediment redistribution and surface movements. Our data show that the Schimbrig earthflow is very active, with mean annual horizontal displacement ranging between 6 and 9 m. Combination and careful interpretation of high-resolution topographic analyses reveal the internal mechanisms of the earthflow and its complex rotational structure. In addition to variation in horizontal surface movements through time, we interestingly showed that the configuration of nested rotational units changes through time. Although there are major changes in the internal structure of the earthflow in the 2013-2015 period, the sediment budget of the drainage basin is nearly in equilibrium. As a consequence, our data show that the time lag between sediment mobilization by landslides and enhanced sediment fluxes in the river network can be considerable.

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“…hillslopes, rock glaciers, landslides). In particular, very few studies have explored the extent to which changing sediment transfer at the hillslope scale can be detected in changing river response and vice versa (Schwab et al 2008 is an exception).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and integrated analysis of mountain geomorphological systems

Reynard

Lane

2012

Geogr. Helv.

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Landsliding and sediment flux in the Central Swiss Alps: A photogrammetric study of the Schimbrig landslide, Entlebuch

Cited by 79 publications

References 31 publications

Mass transport of contaminated soil released into surface water by landslides (Göta River, SW Sweden)

Mass transport of contaminated soil released into surface water by landslides (Göta River, SW Sweden)

Unravelling earth flow dynamics with 3-D time series derived from UAV-SfM models

Climate change and integrated analysis of mountain geomorphological systems

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