Landslides on the east flank of the Chuska Mountains, northwestern New Mexico

Watson, Robert A.; Wright, H. E.

doi:10.2475/ajs.261.6.525

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 0 publications

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“…Both of these hypotheses imply that the basin formed suddenly. It is more compatible with the uniformitarian principle and the faunal evidence to assume that the sandstone beneath the lacustrine sediments gradually subsided to its present level, as proposed by Watson and Wright (1963).…”

Section: Origin and History Of The Basinmentioning

confidence: 73%

Biostratigraphic History of Dead Man Lake, Chuska Mountains, New Mexico

Megard¹

1964

Ecology

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.Wiley is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Ecology Abstract. Dead Man Lake (elevation 2,800 m) is one of several hundred shallow lakes on the flat, rolling crest of the Chuska Mountains. The lacustrine sediments consist of 7 to 10 m late-Pleistocene sandy silt or fine sand beneath only 0.1 to 0.3 m Holocene organic mud.Five faunal zones in the Pleistocene sediments contain distinctive assemblages of Cladocera and larval Chironomidae. The Chydoridae were the dominant Cladocera during Wisconsin glaciopluvial time, but only two or three species occurred in any of the zones. Tanytarsini and Procladius (Tanypodinae) were usually the dominant Chironomidae; populations of Orthocladiinae and Chironomini were smaller and chronologically discontinuous. The Pleistocene fauna is as impoverished as in other Pleistocene lake sediments and in modern arctic lakes. Therefore the faunal assemblages support the palynological evidence for alpine conditions on the crest of the Chuska Mountains during Wisconsin glaciopluvial time.The organic mud deposited since the end of the Pleistocene contains a more diversified fauna; 12 species of Cladocera occur at one level. As in the Pleistocene sediments the Chydoridae are the most abundant Cladocera.The absence of planktonic Cladocera, the oxygen requirements of the dominant Chironomidae, anld the stratigraphic relationships of the faunal zones all indicate that the lake has probably never been deeper than 5 m, even though the oldest lacustrine sediments now lie 16 m below an abandoned outlet. During Wisconsin time the floor of the basin was probably only a few meters below the outlet, and excess water spilled into the canyon west of the lake. A shallow lake was maintained by an equilibrium between sedimentation and bedrock subsidence. Precipitation was insufficient to fill the basin when the pluvial period ended, so the outlet was abandoned.

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Section: Origin and History Of The Basinmentioning

confidence: 73%

Biostratigraphic History of Dead Man Lake, Chuska Mountains, New Mexico

Megard¹

1964

Ecology

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“…The phenomenon of large blocks sliding over highly plastic substrates of low frictional resistance is well documented (Watson & Wright 1963;Schumm & Chorley 1964;McGill & Stromquist 1979;Grunert & Busche 1980). Nonetheless it is difficult to attribute block gliding in the Nowra Sandstone to this mechanism because the declivities down which most blocks have moved range from only 2° to 5°, with many of them moving ini-…”

Section: Frictionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Lateral movement of large blocks of rock across surfaces of low frictional resistance or through transport by deformation of highly plastic substrates has been well documented elsewhere (Watson & Wright 1963;Schumm & Chorley 1964;McGill & Stromquist 1979;Grunert & Busche 1980), but block gliding in the southern Sydney Basin cannot be attributed to these processes. It is due rather to the very slow rheological deformation, by creep or flow, of sandy and silty rocks of low plasticity underlying the sandstone blocks (Young 1983a;Young & Young 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Block gliding and rheological deformation in the Southern Sydney basin

Wray¹,

White²,

Hoskins³

1995

Australian Geographer

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Block gliding caused by low frictional resistance or by the deformation of plastic substrates has been well documented from many parts of the world, but neither of these mechanisms explains the widespread gliding of sandstone blocks away from cliffs in the southern Sydney Basin of south-eastern Australia. The movement of large blocks over declivities from near zero to a maximum of 5°, high frictional resistance and lack of high porewater pressures rule out a simple sliding mechanism and it is unlikely that slender towers of sandstone could have survived seismic vibration sufficient to overcome frictional resistance to gliding. Highly preferential dip control of the direction of gliding and of the development of benches over which the blocks move, together with mounds, similar to pressure ridges, on the benches, indicate that the block gliding is due to the rheological deformation of the underlying rock, even though it is a sandy siltstone lacking readily deformable beds. Estimated rates of deformation are only 11 m/Ma to 270 m/Ma, but are commensurate with the rates of erosional retreat of clifflines estimated from K-Ar and 14 C chronologies. This phenomenon may be a significant feature of many slowly eroding landscapes, and prompts revision of models of long-term geomorphological evolution.

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“…Studies have found direct evidence of recharge surges during the Pleistocene (Phillips and others, 1986) or have inferred the surges on the basis of geologic and geomorphic evidence (Watson and Wright, 1963). Phillips and others (1986), using carbon-14 age dating and oxygendeuterium ratios, found evidence of cooler temperatures and greater effective precipitation for a period prior to 20,000 years before the present and again about 17,000 years before the present.…”

Section: °mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Citing other studies of freshwater ostracoda, Phillips and others (1986) noted another pluvial period about 9,000 years before the present. Watson and Wright (1963) described landslide development on the east flank of the Chuska Mountains in New Mexico. They attributed the three block glide events that they found to periods of high ground-water levels in the Chuska Sandstone.…”

Section: °mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeology and steady-state simulation of ground-water flow in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Utah

Kernodle¹

1996

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Landslides on the east flank of the Chuska Mountains, northwestern New Mexico

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Biostratigraphic History of Dead Man Lake, Chuska Mountains, New Mexico

Biostratigraphic History of Dead Man Lake, Chuska Mountains, New Mexico

Block gliding and rheological deformation in the Southern Sydney basin

Hydrogeology and steady-state simulation of ground-water flow in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Utah

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