Landslides in the urban and suburban perimeter of Chefchaouen (Rif, Northern Morocco): inventory and case study

Kharim, Younès El; Bounab, Ali; Obda, Ilias; Hilali, Fatima; Ahniche, Mohamed

doi:10.1007/s11069-021-04586-z

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Previous work has already pointed to the role of unfavorable housing and urbanization conditions in landslide occurrence [88][89][90]. In this paper, these conditions were identified with subnormal settlements, which are associated with illegal allotments and favelas, inadequate practices of cut-and-fills, the creation of technogenic deposits, self-aided building, and lack of inspection, reflecting poor building practices of families and land developers, as well as a weak role of public administration.…”

Section: Importance Of Social-behavioral Variables In Landslide Occur...mentioning

confidence: 89%

Assessing Landslide Drivers in Social–Ecological–Technological Systems: The Case of Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil

et al. 2023

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Urban landslides are increasing globally, mainly caused by human-induced changes in hillsides. Most of these events have caused low-intensity damages to housing and infrastructure. A total of 2038 locations of landslides in the hydrological year of 2010 were used to model landslides’ occurrence in the metropolitan region of São Paulo—Brazil—using a social–ecological–technological system’s approach, which enables the analysis of urban landslides as the outcome of dynamic socioeconomic and infrastructural conditions alongside climatic and geophysical conditions. A multi-step model approach was used to select the best set of variables related to landslides’ occurrence and assess their importance. The value of AUC of the model was 0.9087, denoting the high level of discrimination achieved. Antecedent rainfall played the most important role, followed by terrain slope. Informal settlements, associated with poor constructive practices and a lack of municipal inspection on civil works and buildings, as well as the number of households, which stands for built density and greater alteration in hillsides, yielded a slightly lower contribution. Other variables showed a marginal contribution. These results reinforce the role of local ordinances aimed at restricting occupation in steeper slopes and public policies to promote adequate housing and constructive practices. Future climate projections to MRSP point to the increase in intense rainfall days, making disasters caused by landslides a major source of risk.

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Section: Importance Of Social-behavioral Variables In Landslide Occur...mentioning

confidence: 89%

Assessing Landslide Drivers in Social–Ecological–Technological Systems: The Case of Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil

et al. 2023

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“…Therefore, it is crucial to compile comprehensive and accurate databases, including a geographic database that contains landslide inventories and condition factors. A detailed landslide inventory can enhance the prediction of these events and help manage the associated geohazards more effectively [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landslide Susceptibility Assessment in Western External Rif Chain using Machine Learning Methods

Benmakhlouf,

El Kharim,

Galindo-Zaldivar

et al. 2023

Civ Eng J

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Landslides are a major natural hazard in the mountainous Rif region of Northern Morocco. This study aims to create and compare landslide susceptibility maps in the Western External Rif Chain context using three advanced machine learning models: Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN). The landslide database, created by satellite imagery and field research, contains an inventory of 3528 cases of slope movements. A database of 12 conditioning factors was prepared, including elevation, slope, aspect, curvature, lithology, rainfall, topographic wetness index (TWI), stream power index (SPI), distance to streams, distance to faults, distance to roads, and land cover. The database was randomly divided into training and validation sets at a ratio of 70/30. The predictive capabilities of the models were evaluated using overall accuracy (Acc), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), kappa index, and F score measures. The results indicated that RF was the most suitable model for this study area, demonstrating the highest predictive capability (AUC= 0.86) compared to the other models. This aligns with previous landslide studies, which found that ensemble methods like RF and XGBoost offer superior accuracy. The most important causal factors of landslides in the study area were identified as slope, rainfall, and elevation, while the influence rate of TWI and SPI was the minimum. By analyzing a larger inventory of landslides on a more extensive scale, this study aims to improve the accuracy and reliability of landslide predictions in a west Mediterranean morphoclimatic context that encompasses a wide variety of lithologies. The resulting maps can serve as a crucial resource for land use planning and disaster management planning. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-12-018 Full Text: PDF

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“…In Northern Morocco, not far from Moulay Yaacoub (MY), a cliff collapse in an abandoned stone quarry killed 52 people in 1989 at Fez city. In addition, constructions at the suburban neighbourhoods of Tetouan and Chefchaouen cities also suffer from landslide induced damage caused by the persistent instability of the finegrained sedimentary rocks outcropping in these areas (El Kharim et al 2001;El Kharim, 2002;El Kharim et al 2021). However, the landslide hazard is shown to be higher in the presence of expansive and dispersive marls (Fall & Sarr, 2007;Jiang et al, 2013, Medjnoune et al, 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-criteria assessment approach of slow-moving urban landslide hazard: the case of Moulay Yacoub, Morocco

et al. 2022

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Since many decades, the town of Moulay Yacoub (MY) has undergone an intensification of its urbanization to meet the demands of rental housing for the visitors of the hydrothermal springs, which is considered as the only attraction of the town. Unfortunately, the majority of the buildings, both private and public, suffer from varying levels of damages where the lithological and geomorphic field features are to blame, without omitting the anthropogenic effects. In fact, the town is built on a marly hill conducive to slope movements, ranging from shallow solifluctions to large landslides, besides the swelling/shrinkage behaviour of these marls. The paper presents a multi-source approach to investigate the activity and the interactions of slow urbanized landslides and expansive soils within the urban perimeter of Moulay Yacoub. Indeed, the desiccation cracks of marly soils reveal their expansive behaviour, also attested by the swelling values. The other geotechnical parameters obtained from laboratory tests show that the shallow marls samples are severely weathered compared to those of the compacted deep ones. The Borehole data and seismic noise survey allows the detection of several impedance contrasts corresponding to the shallow weathered-deep marls interfaces which in some cases represent the rupture surfaces of gravitational processes. The very slow but perennial activities of the later are attested by the inclinometers, the PS-InSAR monitoring and building damages. The case study provides a good opportunity to highlight the complementarity of the multi-source tasks which stand as a further contribution to fostering this kind of integrated approaches at the slope scale.

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Landslides in the urban and suburban perimeter of Chefchaouen (Rif, Northern Morocco): inventory and case study

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Assessing Landslide Drivers in Social–Ecological–Technological Systems: The Case of Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil

Assessing Landslide Drivers in Social–Ecological–Technological Systems: The Case of Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil

Landslide Susceptibility Assessment in Western External Rif Chain using Machine Learning Methods

Multi-criteria assessment approach of slow-moving urban landslide hazard: the case of Moulay Yacoub, Morocco

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