Landslides in the Republic of Macedonia Triggered by Extreme Events in 2010

Jovanovski, Milorad; Milevski, Ivica; Papić, Jovan Br.; Peševski, Igor; Markoski, Blagoja

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6301-2_17

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…For the North Macedonian geographical conditions, precipitation that can cause a strong erosive effect, the occurrence of landslides, and flash floods exceeds 30 mm per day over several days or one-day precipitation with an intensity greater than 60 mm [23]. This includes precipitation that lasts more than 1 h with an intensity greater than 0.5 mm/min [24].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Kratovska Reka catchment, spanning 68.5 km 2 , boasts a rich and extraordinary geodiversity within a relatively small area, with geological and geomorphological diversity being particularly noteworthy. However, despite these features, there is currently no designated geosite in this region recognized and protected as valuable geoheritage, even though numerous proposals have been put forth [8]. Situated on the northwestern slopes of the Osogovo Mountains in North Macedonia [2], the Kratovska Reka catchment is encompassed by the Kratovo-Zletovo paleovolcanic area, covering 48.4 km 2 or 70.7% of the total area, making the paleovolcanic relief the dominant feature (see Figure 1).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary Assessment of Geohazards’ Impacts on Geodiversity in the Kratovska Reka Catchment (North Macedonia)

Aleksova,

Lukić,

Milevski

et al. 2024

Geosciences

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This comprehensive study investigates the intricate interplay between geodiversity, geohazards, and anthropogenic influences within the Kratovska Reka catchment—an area distinguished by its remarkable geosites. Kratovska Reka, spanning a length of 17.3 km, serves as the left tributary to Kriva Reka. The watershed of Kratovska Reka, covering an area of 68.5 km2, is situated on the northwestern inclines of the Osogovo Mts in North Macedonia. Despite harboring exceptional geodiversity, the area lacks protective measures for its myriad geosites. Evaluating susceptibility to geohazards, including excessive erosion, landslides, and flash floods, this research identifies heightened risk zones, particularly in the valley of Kratovska Reka and its tributaries. A multi-hazard model reveals that 56.07% of the basin is vulnerable to geohazards. The study correlates lithological composition, relief features, and morphometric characteristics with geohazards, emphasizing the significance of paleovolcanic relief in resisting excessive erosion. Human-induced factors, notably deforestation and inappropriate land use, amplify geohazards. This research underscores the urgent need for geosite protection and sustainable land management to mitigate geohazards’ impacts. Additionally, it explores the correlation between land use practices and geodiversity, emphasizing the importance of responsible land management in safeguarding the geological and geomorphological values of the researched area.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Assessment of Geohazards’ Impacts on Geodiversity in the Kratovska Reka Catchment (North Macedonia)

Aleksova,

Lukić,

Milevski

et al. 2024

Geosciences

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“…Finally, the weight of each factor is multiplied by its rankings R (based on the qualitative and expert rankings [38]), then multiplied by 5 and rounded to the final value ( Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landslides Susceptibility Zonation of the Territory of North Macedonia Using Analytical Hierarchy Process Approach

Milevski

Dragićević

2019

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Landslides are natural disasters that have an impact in many areas around the world including the territory of the Republic of Macedonia. In this country, about 300 large landslides are registered, most of which cause serious damage to the infrastructure almost every year. In that sense, the mapping of sites that are susceptible to landslides is essential for the management of these areas. This is a crucial step to prevent landslides in places where this could be expected or to mini-mize its damages. Therefore, a heuristic approach of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) combined with Geographic In-formation System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) is used in this work for the assessment of potential landslide areas in the Republic of Macedonia. In the procedure, 6 triggering factors indicating a strong influence on the landslide activity are selected, including lithology, slope angle, land cover, terrain curvature, distance from rivers and distance from roads. Through the procedure, expert-based weight of these factors is made. The LS model is produced with the summing up of the factor layers in the form of harmonized raster grids. Finally, the values of the grid model are classified according to the quantiles and natural breaks scheme. The produced maps show acceptable results confirmed by validation methods and ROC analysis, indicating that about 40% of the country area is under high and very high landslide susceptibility. This ap-proach can be further improved if combined with statistical methods in the form of a hybrid model.

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“…The approach used in this paper is named the arbitrary polynomial method, and engages five landslide conditioning parameters: lithology, slope inclination, average annual rainfall, maximum expected seismic intensity and land use. These parameters are selected as the most representative for landslide susceptibility assessment, and their selection is based on analysis of limited historical data of landslides that had a destructive effect on the infrastructure in the Republic of Macedonia (PESHEVSKI et al, 2013;JOVANOVSKI et al, 2013b).…”

Section: The Arbitrary -Polynomial Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…R. Macedonia is no exception. In particular, the Gradot, Velebrdo landslides (JOVANOVSKI et al, 2013b), and more recent ones, (Probistip, Makedonska Kamenica, Delcevo and Tetovo in 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 respectively) are clear examples of such scenarios. Apart from the economic loss, some of these landslides have been lifethreatening and human losses have been reported (PESHEVSKI et al, 2017).…”

Section: Rainfall (Ap-r)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary regional landslide susceptibility assessment using limited data

et al. 2019

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In this paper a heuristic approach for preliminary regional landslide susceptibility assessment using limited amount of data is presented. It is called arbitrary polynomial method and takes into account 5 landslide conditioning parameters: lithology, slope inclination, average annual rainfall, land use and maximum expected seismic intensity. According to the method, in the first stage, a gradation is performed for each of the carefully selected conditioning parameters by assigning so called rating points to the grid cells on which the region is divided. Values of the rating points vary from 0 to 3 and depend on the parameter's character and importance for landslide development within the region of interest. A so called Total Landslide Susceptibility Rating (TLSR) model is obtained by summing the individual rating points of each parameter and dividing the region into five susceptibility zones according to Jenks natural breaks classification. Verification of the TLSR model is then performed by overlaying the landslide inventory map of the selected region over the prepared susceptibility map. The sensitivity of the model can be additionally tested by multiplying the conditioning parameter's rating points by sensitivity coefficients. In this way, additional landslide susceptibility models are obtained, named Weighted Total Landslide Susceptibility Rating (WTLSR) models. As a practical example of the method, two TLSR models are presented here for the Polog region in Republic of Macedonia, for return periods of maximum expected seismic intensity for 100 and 500 years. With over 74% of mapped landslides falling in zones of high and very high susceptibility, the results are considered satisfactory for regional scale landslide modelling and are comparable with more advanced quantitative methods. Additional WTLSR models were prepared, and their correlation identified the best model. The presented approach is considered to be very convenient for conducting preliminary regional landslide susceptibility assessments with the ability to fine-tune the results. Due to its simplicity, it can be applied to additional landslide conditioning parameters other than the one presented in the paper, depending on the region of interest and available data sources. It is especially practical for use in developing countries, where various organizational, technical and economic constraints prevent application of more advanced data driven methods. Limitations and restrictions of the approach are also discussed.

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Landslides in the Republic of Macedonia Triggered by Extreme Events in 2010

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Preliminary Assessment of Geohazards’ Impacts on Geodiversity in the Kratovska Reka Catchment (North Macedonia)

Preliminary Assessment of Geohazards’ Impacts on Geodiversity in the Kratovska Reka Catchment (North Macedonia)

Landslides Susceptibility Zonation of the Territory of North Macedonia Using Analytical Hierarchy Process Approach

Preliminary regional landslide susceptibility assessment using limited data

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