Landslide susceptibility mapping using GIS and digital photogrammetric techniques: a case study from Ardesen (NE-Turkey)

Abstract

Ardesen is a settlement area which has been significantly damaged by frequent landslides which are caused by severe rainfalls and result in many casualties. In this study a landslide susceptibility map of Ardesen was prepared using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with the help of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Digital Photogrametry Techniques (DPT). A landslide inventory, lithology-weathering, slope, aspect, land cover, shear strength, distance to the river, stream density and distance to the road thematics data layers were used to create the map. These layer maps are produced using field, laboratory and office studies, and by the use of GIS and DPT. The landslide inventory map is also required to determine the relationship between these maps and landslides using DPT. In the study field in the Hemsindere Formation there are units that have different weathering classes, and this significantly affects the shear strength of the soil. In this study, shear strength values are calculated in great detail with field and laboratory studies and an additional layer is evaluated with the help of the stability studies used to produce the landslide susceptibility map. Finally, an overlay analysis is carried out by evaluating the layers obtained according to their weight, and the landslide susceptibility map is produced. The study area was classified into five classes of relative landslide susceptibility, namely, very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. Based on this analysis, the area and percentage distribution of landslide susceptibility degrees were calculated and it was found that 28% of the region is under the threat of landslides. Furthermore, the landslide susceptibility map and the landslide inventory map were compared to determine whether the models produced are compatible with the real situation resulting in compatibility rate of 84%. The total numbers of dwellings in the study area were determined one by one using aerial photos and it was found that 30% of the houses, with a total occupancy of approximately 2,300 people, have a high or very high risk of being affected by landslides.

A data-driven approach for landslide susceptibility mapping: a case study of Shennongjia Forestry District, China

“…The region near rivers is likely to have a higher water content, which may erode the slopes or saturate the lower part of slopes, resulting in a decline in the support capacity. The soil close to a fault is considered to be relatively weak because of the altered surface material structures and the increased permeability (Kanungo et al 2006;Yalcin & Bulut 2006). The road layer was digitized from the traffic map of the Shennongjia Forestry District with a 1:50,000 scale.…”

Multi-Criteria Analysis Applied to Landslide Susceptibility Mapping

“…Because of its simplicity and fl exibility, AHP has been widely applied in landslide susceptibility studies (e.g. Yalcin and Bulut 2007;Thanh and Smedt 2011;Park et al 2012;Reis et al 2012;Pourghasemi et al 2012;Hasekioğulları and Ercanoglu 2012;Dragićević et al 2015). In this technique, a reciprocal pairwise matrix is constructed by comparing the factors and assigning a relative importance value to its relation, according to a 9-point continuous scale (Figure 6).…”

An implementation of rock engineering system (RES) for ranking the instability potential of slopes in Greek territory. An application in Tsakona area (Peloponnese - prefecture of Arcadia)

“…As a result of an increase in stress on back of the slope because of changes in topography and decrease of load some tension cracks may be created. On the slope of the hill that is balanced before the road is constructed, instability may be observed because of some negative effects such as water ingress (Yalcin and Bulut, 2007). Studying the role of human intervention in Tsakona landslide, it can be mentioned that there were a historical record of smaller failures during the construction of the National highway at the beginning of 1990's.…”