Landslide Susceptibility Mapping for 2015 Earthquake Region of Sindhupalchowk, Nepal using Frequency Ratio

Abstract

Globally, landslides triggered by natural or human activities have resulted in enormous damage to both property and life. Recent climatic changes and anthropogenic activities have increased the number of occurrence of these disasters. Despite many researches, there is no standard method that can produce reliable prediction. This article discusses the process of landslide susceptibility mapping using various methods in current literatures and applies the FR (Frequency Ratio) method to develop a susceptibility map for the 2015 earthquake region of Sindhupalchowk, Nepal. The complete mapping process describes importance of selection of area, and controlling factors, widespread techniques of modelling and accuracy assessment tools. The FR derived for various controlling factors available were calculated using pre-and post-earthquake landslide events in the study area and the ratio was used to develop susceptibility map. Understanding the process could help in better future application process and producing better accuracy results. And the resulting map is valuable for the local general and authorities for prevention and decision making tasks for landslide disasters. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Landslide susceptibility assessment at Kathmandu Kyirong Highway Corridor in pre-quake, co-seismic and post-quake situations

“…Similarly, all landslides occurred after the Gorkha event during the following monsoons were considered as postquake ones. The use of different time series of landslide samples or n-fold cross validation for modelling and testing purpose are applied in recent literature (Merghadi et al 2018;Bhandary et al 2013 for example), however, 70:30 or 75:25 or 80:20 ratio is a very commonly applied approach in landslide susceptibility modelling with a good performance (Hong et al 2018;Fan et al 2017;Yang et al 2016;Devkota et al 2013 for example).We also used separate sets of randomly selected 70% of landslides for susceptibility modelling and 30% for evaluating the predictive capability of CF model for each susceptibility assessment.…”

“…However, most of the landslide susceptibility studies failed to consider this dynamics. They either consider single events or single time periods for landslide mapping or kept all landslides occurred in the long span of time together without paying proper attention the changed context of conditioning as well as triggering factors for landslide susceptibility assessment (see Bhandary et al 2013;Dahal 2014;Dai et al 2001;Fan et al 2017;Hong et al 2016;Merghadi et al 2018;Reichenbach et al 2018;Shrestha et al 2018;Yang et al 2016).…”

A Study on the Slope Failure Monitoring of a Model Slope by the Application of a Displacement Sensor

“…There has been an increase in fatalities and economic losses due to natural disasters, such as landslides and slope failures, worldwide [4][5][6][7][8][9]. In the case of South Korea, the damages caused by landslides occur mainly from July to September, the period when typhoons and heavy rainfalls occur frequently, every year.…”