Landslide inventories: The essential part of seismic landslide hazard analyses

Harp, Edwin L.; Keefer, Donald A.; Satō, Hiroshi; Yagi, Hiroshi

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.06.013

Cited by 225 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, some landslide inventories were compiled (e.g., Dai et al 2011;Xu et al 2009a;Gorum et al 2011;Huang and Li 2009;Parker et al 2011;Chigira et al 2010;Yin et al 2010a;Qi et al 2010;Li et al 2009;Han et al 2009;Di et al 2010;Chen et al 2009;Ren and Lin 2010;Zhang et al 2010), and correlations of landslide occurrence with geologic and geomorphologic conditions as well as seismic parameters were constructed. However, almost all of the inventories are either incomplete or only record landslide locations; no landslide inventories are comprehensive considering the following seismic landslide mapping criteria: (1) coverage of the entire area affected by landslides, (2) inclusion of all landslides down to a small enough scale, and (3) depiction of landslides as polygons rather than points (Harp et al 2011a). Therefore, in this paper, three (nearly) complete landslide inventories were compiled for a detailed and objective spatial distribution statistical analysis of the landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to understand what areas are most likely to experience landsliding in future earthquakes. A detailed, comprehensive, and accurate earthquake-triggered landslide inventory is an essential part of improving the understanding of seismic landslide hazard analysis (e.g., Keefer 2002;Harp et al 2011a;Guzzetti et al 2012). After the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, some landslide inventories were compiled (e.g., Dai et al 2011;Xu et al 2009a;Gorum et al 2011;Huang and Li 2009;Parker et al 2011;Chigira et al 2010;Yin et al 2010a;Qi et al 2010;Li et al 2009;Han et al 2009;Di et al 2010;Chen et al 2009;Ren and Lin 2010;Zhang et al 2010), and correlations of landslide occurrence with geologic and geomorphologic conditions as well as seismic parameters were constructed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Three (nearly) complete inventories of landslides triggered by the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake of China and their spatial distribution statistical analysis

et al. 2013

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three (nearly) complete inventories of landslides triggered by the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake of China and their spatial distribution statistical analysis

et al. 2013

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“…The Nepal Himalayas, for example, are obscured by cloud between mid-June and mid-September each year, during which time an estimated 90 % of annual fatal landsliding occurs (Petley et al, 2007). Landslide inventories conventionally draw on a full catalogue of imagery compiled before mapping begins to ensure consistent coverage of the entire area (Harp et al, 2011). Ideally, all images are collected by a single sensor, providing consistent spatial, spectral, and radiometric resolution appropriate for the type of landsliding Figure 1.…”

Section: Optical Image Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research has defined appropriate scientific methods for coseismic landslide mapping (e.g., Gorum et al, 2011;Harp et al, 2011;Wasowski et al, 2011;Guzzetti et al, 2012), with some organizations, such as UNITAR/UNOSAT and EU Copernicus, requesting feedback from end users. However, there remains an absence of readily available information on what is actually useful for decision makers who are tasked with dealing with an earthquake and its cascading hazards, particularly where rapid response times are key.…”

Section: The Need For Rapid Landslide Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, commercial satellite imagery at submeter resolution was released for the benefit of the response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake (Harp et al, 2011). Over 300 map products were created within 2 weeks by a plethora of agencies, each using different procedures and standards (Duda and Jones, 2011;UN-SPIDER, 2017;Voigt et al, 2016).…”

Section: Mapping Landslides After Earthquakesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Satellite-based emergency mapping using optical imagery: experience and reflections from the 2015 Nepal earthquakes

Williams

Rosser

Kincey

et al. 2018

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Landslides triggered by large earthquakes in mountainous regions contribute significantly to overall earthquake losses and pose a major secondary hazard that can persist for months or years. While scientific investigations of coseismic landsliding are increasingly common, there is no protocol for rapid (hours-to-days) humanitarian-facing landslide assessment and no published recognition of what is possible and what is useful to compile immediately after the event. Drawing on the 2015 M w 7.8 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal, we consider how quickly a landslide assessment based upon manual satellite-based emergency mapping (SEM) can be realistically achieved and review the decisions taken by analysts to ascertain the timeliness and type of useful information that can be generated. We find that, at present, many forms of landslide assessment are too slow to generate relative to the speed of a humanitarian response, despite increasingly rapid access to high-quality imagery. Importantly, the value of information on landslides evolves rapidly as a disaster response develops, so identifying the purpose, timescales, and end users of a post-earthquake landslide assessment is essential to inform the approach taken. It is clear that discussions are needed on the form and timing of landslide assessments, and how best to present and share this information, before rather than after an earthquake strikes. In this paper, we share the lessons learned from the Gorkha earthquake, with the aim of informing the approach taken by scientists to understand the evolving landslide hazard in future events and the expectations of the humanitarian community involved in disaster response.

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Regional coseismic landslide hazard assessment without historical landslide inventories: A new approach

Kritikos

Robinson

Davies

2015

J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf.

115

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Currently, regional coseismic landslide hazard analyses require comprehensive historical landslide inventories as well as detailed geotechnical data. Consequently, such analyses have not been possible where these data are not available. A new approach is proposed herein to assess coseismic landslide hazard at regional scale for specific earthquake scenarios in areas without historical landslide inventories. The proposed model employs fuzzy logic and geographic information systems to establish relationships between causative factors and coseismic slope failures in regions with well-documented and substantially complete coseismic landslide inventories. These relationships are then utilized to estimate the relative probability of landslide occurrence in regions with neither historical landslide inventories nor detailed geotechnical data. Statistical analyses of inventories from the 1994 Northridge and 2008 Wenchuan earthquakes reveal that shaking intensity, topography, and distance from active faults and streams are the main controls on the spatial distribution of coseismic landslides. Average fuzzy memberships for each factor are developed and aggregated to model the relative coseismic landslide hazard for both earthquakes. The predictive capabilities of the models are assessed and show good-to-excellent model performance for both events. These memberships are then applied to the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, using only a digital elevation model, active fault map, and isoseismal data, replicating prediction of a future event in a region lacking historic inventories and/or geotechnical data. This similarly results in excellent model performance, demonstrating the model's predictive potential and confirming it can be meaningfully applied in regions where previous methods could not. For such regions, this method may enable a greater ability to analyze coseismic landslide hazard from specific earthquake scenarios, allowing for mitigation measures and emergency response plans to be better informed of earthquake-related hazards.

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Landslide inventories: The essential part of seismic landslide hazard analyses

Cited by 225 publications

References 22 publications

Three (nearly) complete inventories of landslides triggered by the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake of China and their spatial distribution statistical analysis

Three (nearly) complete inventories of landslides triggered by the May 12, 2008 Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake of China and their spatial distribution statistical analysis

Satellite-based emergency mapping using optical imagery: experience and reflections from the 2015 Nepal earthquakes

Regional coseismic landslide hazard assessment without historical landslide inventories: A new approach

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