Landslide characterization using active and passive seismic imaging techniques: a case study from Kerala, India

Chávez-García, Francisco J.; Natarajan, Thulasiraman; Cárdenas‐Soto, Martín; Rajendran, Kusala

doi:10.1007/s11069-020-04369-y

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…x8.7 = 17.4 MPa suggestion of acceptable safety factors > 1. 6. Such values may be adequate for the excavation stability, [27] and [28].…”

Section: Results Of the 3d Numerical Analysis And Geotechnical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are red, yellow, brown and lemonade stones. Plaster strips run parallel to the bed planes [6], as shown in Fig. 14.…”

Section: The Geology Of Gebel El-gurnah Luxormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, normal faulting mechanism with strike-slip component appears to the north of Assiut till Beni Suef city, [3]. An integrated interpretation of ERT, SSR, and GPR surveys should be performed at the site of KV57 to successfully investigate the groundwater aquifer and water table elevation and assist hazard mitigation; these techniques are well described in details in some recent references like [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geo-environmental monitoring and 3D finite elements stability analysis for site investigation of underground monuments. Horemheb tomb (KV57), Luxor, Egypt

Hemeda

2021

Herit Sci

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The Valley of the Kings (KV) is a UNESCO world heritage site with more than thirty opened tombs. Since the first tombs were constructed, at least 24 historical flash flood events has been identified, each of which has been contributed to the destruction and deterioration of the tombs. Recently, most of these tombs have been damaged and inundated after 1994 flood. In order to understand the Geo-environmental impact mainly the past flash floods due to the intensive rainfall storm on the valley of kings and the long-term rock mass behavior under geostatic stresses in selected Horemheb tomb (KV57) and its impact on past failures and current stability, Remote sensing, GIS, LIDAR, 3D finite element stability analysis and rock mass quality assessments had been carried out using advanced methods and codes. Our work provides environmental satellite space views via landviewer Erath Observation System (EOS) Platform with passive and active sensors which include the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), Atmospherically resistant vegetation index (ARVI), Green Chlorophyll Index (GCI), Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR), Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI), Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) images, Terrain (DEM) Digital Elevation Models, 3D geological maps. In other hand experimental and numerical geotechnical evaluations and modeling of the rock mass of these underground structures and their surroundings have been executed. We estimated the rock mass quality of the different members within the Thebes limestone and Esna shale formations using the mechanical testing and Rock Mass Rating (RMR), rock quality system (Q-system) and Geological Strength Index (GSI) systems. Our recent analyses show that the KV57 rock- cut tomb at Luxor has been cut into poor to very poor quality marl shale masses due to the impact of flash foods. Rock failures of ceilings and pillars were frequently facilitated by local, unfavorably oriented persistent discontinuities, such as tension cracks and faults. Other failures were related to the disintegration of the marl limestone and Esna shale Formations into individual nodules upon weathering. Our data suggest that, in ancient Egypt monumental tomb construction, low-strength rock masses rarely resulted in modifications of the planned tomb design in order to minimise the risk of rock falls and to prevent collapses. The current flood protection measures are not enough. For this two following measures are proposed 1—to rise the current wall by 50 cm. 2—to fill the depression by reshaping bathymetry.

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“…x8.7 = 17.4 MPa suggestion of acceptable safety factors > 1. 6. Such values may be adequate for the excavation stability, [27] and [28].…”

Section: Results Of the 3d Numerical Analysis And Geotechnical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are red, yellow, brown and lemonade stones. Plaster strips run parallel to the bed planes [6], as shown in Fig. 14.…”

Section: The Geology Of Gebel El-gurnah Luxormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geo-environmental monitoring and 3D finite elements stability analysis for site investigation of underground monuments. Horemheb tomb (KV57), Luxor, Egypt

Hemeda

2021

Herit Sci

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“…Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW), Seismic Refraction Tomography (SRT), signal-station HVSR, Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) are the most common methods applied in landslide investigation. All these methods have been used mainly for defining dimensions, geometry [23], slip surface [24], groundwater table [12], recharge pathways [25], rock fragments [26], degree of compaction [27], and in some cases, the velocity of seismic waves within the landslide body [28]; these static properties are also related to the dynamic properties estimated by time-lapse seismic methods, therefore useful for susceptibility landslide analysis and hazard and risk management.…”

Section: Overview Of Gm Applied For Landslidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Geophysical and UAV-Based Methods Applied to Landslides

et al. 2022

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Landslides (LS) represent geomorphological processes that can induce changes over time in the physical, hydrogeological, and mechanical properties of the involved materials. For geohazard assessment, the variations of these properties might be detected by a wide range of non-intrusive techniques, which can sometimes be confusing due to their significant variation in accuracy, suitability, coverage area, logistics, timescale, cost, and integration potential; this paper reviews common geophysical methods (GM) categorized as Emitted Seismic and Ambient Noise based and proposes an integrated approach between them for improving landslide studies; this level of integration (among themselves) is an important step ahead of integrating geophysical data with remote sensing data. The aforementioned GMs help to construct a framework based on physical properties that may be linked with site characterization (e.g., a landslide and its subsurface channel geometry, recharge pathways, rock fragments, mass flow rate, etc.) and dynamics (e.g., quantification of the rheology, saturation, fracture process, toe erosion, mass flow rate, deformation marks and spatiotemporally dependent geogenic pore-water pressure feedback through a joint analysis of geophysical time series, displacement and hydrometeorological measurements from the ground, air and space). A review of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) based photogrammetry for the investigation of landslides was also conducted to highlight the latest advancement and discuss the synergy between UAV and geophysical in four possible broader areas: (i) survey planning, (ii) LS investigation, (iii) LS dynamics and (iv) presentation of results in GIS environment. Additionally, endogenous source mechanisms lead to the appearance of deformation marks on the surface and provide ground for the integrated use of UAV and geophysical monitoring for landslide early warning systems. Further development in this area requires UAVs to adopt more multispectral and other advanced sensors where their data are integrated with the geophysical one as well as the climatic data to enable Artificial Intelligent based prediction of LS.

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“…It should be stated that geophysical studies (e.g., microtremor) that can be applied without damaging the existing structure and geophysical methods (e.g., electrical resistivity, seismic refraction) to be used to determine the groundwater level and pressure should also be used and the studies conducted in Egypt should be given as recent references, [7][8][9].…”

Section: Earthquake Risk Assessment Of Alexandriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite element assessment FEA of polymer anti-seismic piling techniques for protection of the underground culture heritage

Hemeda

2022

Herit Sci

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Alexandria is one of the Mediterranean UNESCO World Heritage sites at risk from coastal flooding and Earthquakes. Nowadays, the safety of archaeological underground structures draws more and more attention. After many catastrophic events, the study of anti-seismic for underground structures has also become an important problem to be solved. Based on the typical underground structure seismic damage phenomenon, this paper summarizes the seismic characteristics, research methods and design methods of underground structures to offer a guide for engineers and conservators, where the polymer anti-seismic piling to protect the underground monumental structures against strong earthquakes is presented and validated in numerical analysis. In this paper, typical damages of archaeological underground structures are firstly presented, followed by the FEM analysis using the PLAXIS 2D code for the seismic response of Catacombs of Kom El-Shoqafa in Alexandria, Egypt with and without the anti-seismic polymer pilling techniques. Results of this work underline the high potential of these low-cost anti seismic technique, confirming the possibility of achieving a significant improvement of the seismic performance of archaeological underground structures by using the low-cost and easy to manufacture it.

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Landslide characterization using active and passive seismic imaging techniques: a case study from Kerala, India

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Geo-environmental monitoring and 3D finite elements stability analysis for site investigation of underground monuments. Horemheb tomb (KV57), Luxor, Egypt

Geo-environmental monitoring and 3D finite elements stability analysis for site investigation of underground monuments. Horemheb tomb (KV57), Luxor, Egypt

Review on the Geophysical and UAV-Based Methods Applied to Landslides

Finite element assessment FEA of polymer anti-seismic piling techniques for protection of the underground culture heritage

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