Landscapes of Failure: The Archaeology of Flooded Wetlands at Titchwell and Thornham (Norfolk), and Broomhill (East Sussex)

Gardiner, Mark; Hartwell, Barrie

doi:10.1179/jwa.2006.6.1.137

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…comm.). That conclusion is reinforced by survey work nearer Broomhill which has shown clear evidence of the breaching of Walls L, M and N (Gardiner and Hartwell 2006). Though the survey work has not examined the area enclosed around the lands of the manor of Scotney, this does not appear to have been flooded.…”

Section: Economy and Tradementioning

confidence: 98%

“…Long parallel ditches, typically set about 25m apart, are now known from a number of marshlands. A relict system has been identified at East Guldeford (Gardiner 2002, 113) and one pre-dating the late 13th century flooding recorded near Broomhill (Gardiner and Hartwell 2006). A system probably dated to the medieval period has been recognised from the Huntspill-Mark area of the Somerset Levels (Rippon 1997, 210-12).…”

Section: Reclamationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This was roughly parallel to the first and, although smaller in area, may have been more problematic in construction because it cut across a particular deep fleet at Oakhill (Ocholt). Enclosure continued south of the county boundary with the construction of what has been called Wall N. The sequence of the subsequent embankments, Walls L and M, will be discussed elsewhere (Gardiner and Hartwell 2006) and it is sufficient to note here that they represent successive enclosures. Wall L was breached by tidal water coming from the west and was replaced by a less ambitious structure, Wall M, which again seems to have been aligned upon the county boundary.…”

Section: Reclamationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medieval Adaptation, Settlement and Economy of a Coastal Wetland

Barber¹,

Priestley-Bell²

2008

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Caldicott Farm and particular thanks must go to Robin Lane for help throughout. English Heritage, through the Aggregates Levy Sustainability Fund (ALSF), funded the compilation of this monograph from all the different archive reports, as well as enabling historical research and scientific analysis on the pottery. Dr Helen Keeley, Chris Scull, Gareth Watkins and Karla Graham (English Heritage) are acknowledged for their help and advice throughout the ALSF stage of the work.Continuing help and advice, particularly regarding the formulation of the excavation strategies, was given by Dr John Williams, Sally Howard and Wendy Rogers of Kent County Council. All Field Archaeology Unit staff are also owed thanks, especially for working so hard in some particularly unpleasant weather conditions: project managers Mark Gardiner, Chris Place, Tony Pollard and Ian Greig; the excavation directors: Ian Greig (Lydd 1), Greg Priestly-Bell (Lydd Stages 2 to 4 and 7-11 (part) and Denge West watching briefs), Jennifer Sawyer (Lydd 5/6), Casper Johnson (Lydd 11 (part)), Simon Stevens (Denge West field-walking), and all the excavators who are too numerous to mention, although special thanks must be given to Robert Beck. The help and interest of Jill Eddison is also gratefully appreciated.Thanks are also due to all the specialists who have helped in studying the excavated material:

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Section: Economy and Tradementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Reclamationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reclamationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medieval Adaptation, Settlement and Economy of a Coastal Wetland

Barber¹,

Priestley-Bell²

2008

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“…As the waters ebbed they tore a great breach in the wall, allowing subsequent tides to flow across the land – a classic instance of breaching through overtopping and erosion of the landward side of an embankment (cf. Gardiner and Hartwell 2006, 138–9).…”

Section: The Impact Of Storm Floodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine flooding in the Thames Estuary and tidal river c.1250–1450: impact and response

Galloway

Potts

2007

Area

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Marine flooding, particularly that associated with North Sea storm surges, has posed a recurrent threat to human use of the Thames Estuary and its shorelines. During the later Middle Ages a growing frequency of surges placed increasing burdens upon the resources of coastal communities. This is reflected in expenditure upon sea-walls and related defences and in the frequent issuing of commissions of sewers, the mechanism by which the Crown intervened in matters of flood prevention and drainage. In the era of labour shortages initiated by the Black Death of 1349, the defence of some reclaimed marshlands around the Estuary and tidal river was abandoned in a precursor of managed retreat or realignment.

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“…In creating new land for cultivation and settlement, the European communities triggered a massive landscape transformation through woodland clearance, arable intensification, the development of irrigation systems and the drainage of wetlands. Land reclamations works profoundly modified many European regions: the peatlands in the Netherlands [17][18][19][20]; the coastal marshlands in the UK [13,21] and in North Frisia (Germany) [22] and the alluvial wetlands in the Po Valley (Northern Italy) ( Figure 1) [17]. In the latter, specifically the Emilia-Romagna region (Central Po Plain), the earliest evidence of attempts to clear the forests and drain the wetlands is mentioned in historical documents from the late 8th century [23,24], but only from the 10th to the 13th centuries were land and water management activities actually carried out widely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Late Holocene Flood Management on the Central Po Plain (Northern Italy)

Brandolini

Cremaschi

2018

Sustainability

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Fluvial environments have always played a crucial role in human history. The necessity of fertile land and fresh water for agriculture has led populations to settle in floodplains more frequently than in other environments. Floodplains are complex human–water systems in which the mutual interaction between anthropogenic activities and environment affected the landscape development. In this paper, we analyzed the evolution of the Central Po Plain (Italy) during the Medieval period through a multi-proxy record of geomorphological, archaeological and historical data. The collapse of the Western Roman Empire (5th century AD) coincided with a progressive waterlogging of large floodplain areas. The results obtained by this research shed new light on the consequences that Post-Roman land and water management activities had on landscape evolution. In particular, the exploitation of fluvial sediments through flood management practices had the effect of reclaiming the swamps, but also altered the natural geomorphological development of the area. Even so, the Medieval human activities were more in equilibrium with the natural system than with the later Renaissance large-scale land reclamation works that profoundly modified the landscape turning the wetland environment into the arable land visible today. The analysis of fluvial palaeoenvironments and their relation with past human activities can provide valuable indications for planning more sustainable urbanized alluvial landscapes in future.

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Landscapes of Failure: The Archaeology of Flooded Wetlands at Titchwell and Thornham (Norfolk), and Broomhill (East Sussex)

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Medieval Adaptation, Settlement and Economy of a Coastal Wetland

Medieval Adaptation, Settlement and Economy of a Coastal Wetland

Marine flooding in the Thames Estuary and tidal river c.1250–1450: impact and response

The Impact of Late Holocene Flood Management on the Central Po Plain (Northern Italy)

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