Landscape-scale research for conservation and development in the tropics: fighting persisting challenges

Pfund, Jean-Laurent

doi:10.1016/j.cosust.2010.03.002

Cited by 46 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…A variety of landscape approaches are widely applied to complex real-world situations (30). Generally, they have been viewed as a means to conceptualize and implement integrated multiple-objective projects.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ten principles for a landscape approach to reconciling agriculture, conservation, and other competing land uses

Sayer

Sunderland

Ghazoul³

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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"Landscape approaches" seek to provide tools and concepts for allocating and managing land to achieve social, economic, and environmental objectives in areas where agriculture, mining, and other productive land uses compete with environmental and biodiversity goals. Here we synthesize the current consensus on landscape approaches. This is based on published literature and a consensus-building process to define good practice and is validated by a survey of practitioners. We find the landscape approach has been refined in response to increasing societal concerns about environment and development tradeoffs. Notably, there has been a shift from conservation-orientated perspectives toward increasing integration of poverty alleviation goals. We provide 10 summary principles to support implementation of a landscape approach as it is currently interpreted. These principles emphasize adaptive management, stakeholder involvement, and multiple objectives. Various constraints are recognized, with institutional and governance concerns identified as the most severe obstacles to implementation. We discuss how these principles differ from more traditional sectoral and project-based approaches. Although no panacea, we see few alternatives that are likely to address landscape challenges more effectively than an approach circumscribed by the principles outlined here.food security | integrated development approaches | social ecological systems | agriculture environment trade offs | Convention on Biological Diversity

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten principles for a landscape approach to reconciling agriculture, conservation, and other competing land uses

Sayer

Sunderland

Ghazoul³

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

1,056

1,034

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“…The economics from the PES approach will have to compare these expected benefits of the label to the opportunity costs. The "landscape approach" may look impractical to many practitioners in developing countries [32] and thus requires improved research methods in spatial planning, livelihood monitoring and landscape governance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing an Index to Reveal the Potential of Multipurpose Landscapes in Southern Africa

Torquebiau

Cholet

Ferguson

et al. 2013

Land

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Multipurpose mosaic ("ecoagriculture") landscapes can serve the purpose of land sharing to combine objectives of agricultural production and biodiversity conservation. Rewarding the people who shape and maintain those landscapes could act as a mechanism to generate added-value representing an indirect payment for ecosystem services. We investigated the feasibility of such an approach in two areas in Southern Africa differing in spatial configurations, history and socio-economic context. We designed and tested a composite index describing the state of each landscape in terms of ecoagriculture criteria (conservation, production, institutions and livelihood) and ecosystem services (provisioning, regulating and cultural services). The resulting index is made up of different sets of data each comprising 40 scores, obtained from stakeholders' participatory interviews. Ecosystem services are in general assigned more importance than ecoagriculture criteria. In both cases, cultural services receive the highest scores, whereas the lowest ones are attributed to the livelihood and institutions in the Zimbabwean and South African sites, respectively. Index values reveal that the South African site, where there is more integration between land-use units, does better in terms of a landscape performing multiple functions. Provided relevant stakeholders are involved and a certification mechanism is developed, the landscape labelling index can be used to recognize and reward the value of outstanding rural landscapes. OPEN ACCESSLand 2013, 2 706

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“…Landscape approaches provide a conceptual framework to make long-term improvements to conservation and production by engaging and empowering local stakeholders [30]. Capacity building, local empowerment, improving governance and providing transparency in resource management negotiations are fundamental components of landscape approaches [31][32][33].…”

Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estate Crops More Attractive than Community Forests in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Langston

Riggs

Sururi

et al. 2017

Land

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Smallholder farmers and indigenous communities must cope with the opportunities and threats presented by rapidly spreading estate crops in the frontier of the agricultural market economy. Smallholder communities are subject to considerable speculation by outsiders, yet large-scale agriculture presents tradeoffs that they must navigate. We initiated a study in Sintang, West Kalimantan in 2012 and have returned annually for the last four years, building the baselines for a longer-term landscape approach to reconciling conservation and development tradeoffs in situ. Here, the stakeholders are heterogeneous, yet the land cover of the landscape is on a trajectory towards homogenous mono-cropping systems, primarily either palm oil or rubber. In one village on the frontier of the agricultural market economy, natural forests remain managed by the indigenous and local community but economics further intrude on forest use decisions. Conservation values are declining and the future of the forest is uncertain. As such, the community is ultimately attracted to more economically attractive uses of the land for local development oil palm or rubber mono-crop farms. We identify poverty as a threat to community-managed conservation success in the face of economic pressures to convert forest to intensive agriculture. We provide evidence that lucrative alternatives will challenge community-managed forests when prosperity seems achievable. To alleviate this trend, we identify formalized traditional management and landscape governance solutions to nurture a more sustainable landscape transition.

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Landscape-scale research for conservation and development in the tropics: fighting persisting challenges

Cited by 46 publications

References 38 publications

Ten principles for a landscape approach to reconciling agriculture, conservation, and other competing land uses

Ten principles for a landscape approach to reconciling agriculture, conservation, and other competing land uses

Designing an Index to Reveal the Potential of Multipurpose Landscapes in Southern Africa

Estate Crops More Attractive than Community Forests in West Kalimantan, Indonesia

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