Landscape scale ecology of Tetracladium spp. fungal root endophytes

Abstract

BackgroundThe genus Tetracladium has been traditionally regarded as an Ingoldian fungus or aquatic hyphomycete – a group of phylogenetically diverse, polyphyletic fungi which grow on decaying leaves and plant litter in streams. Recent sequencing evidence has shown that Tetracladium spp. may also exist as root endophytes in terrestrial environments, and furthermore may have beneficial effects on the health and growth of their host. However, the diversity of Tetracladium spp. communities in terrestrial systems and the factors which shape their distribution are largely unknown.ResultsUsing a fungal community internal transcribed spacer amplicon dataset from 37 UK Brassica napus fields we found that soils contained diverse Tetracladium spp., most of which represent previously uncharacterised clades. The two most abundant OTUs, related to previously described aquatic T. furcatum and T. maxilliforme, were enriched in roots relative to bulk and rhizosphere soil. For both taxa, relative abundance in roots, but not rhizosphere or bulk soil was correlated with B. napus yield. The relative abundance of T. furcatum and T. maxilliforme OTUs across compartments showed very similar responses with respect to agricultural management practices and soil characteristics. The factors shaping the relative abundance of T. furcatum and T. maxilliforme OTUs in roots was assessed using linear regression and structural equation modelling. Relative abundance of Tetracladium maxilliforme and Tetracladium furcatum in roots increased with pH, concentrations of phosphorus, and increased rotation frequency of OSR. While it decreased with increased soil water content, concentrations of extractable phosphorus, chromium, and iron.ConclusionsThe genus Tetracladium as a root colonising endophyte is a diverse and wildly distributed part of the oilseed rape microbiome that positively correlates to crop yield. The main drivers of its community composition are crop management practices and soil nutrients.

Proteome and Peptidome Changes and Zn Concentration in Chicken after In Ovo Stimulation with a Multi-Strain Probiotic and Zn-Gly Chelate: Preliminary Research

“…The results of the present study, obtained in SDS-PAGE and western blot, confirmed the presence of Cu/Zn SOD in the liver and in the small and large intestines at 12 h and 7 days after hatching in all experimental groups and the control. Additional analysis of polyacrylamide gels using GelAnalyzer 19.1 [52] software showed the highest expression of Cu/Zn SOD in the small and large intestine at 12 h post-hatch in the groups of birds receiving the multi-strain probiotic and Zn-Gly chelate (group IV) or Zn-Gly chelate (group III). At 7 days of age, however, the highest expression of Cu/Zn SOD was noted in the small intestine in group IV, receiving the multi-strain probiotic and Zn-Gly chelate, and in the large intestine in group III, receiving Zn-Gly chelate.…”

Screening of yield and growth-related SSR markers in Philippine coffee

“…Based on the polyacrylamide gel photographs, amplicon size was measured using the software, GelAnalyzer 19.1 (Lazar and Lazar 2019). The SSR primers were evaluated based on amplification success, as well as the number and sizes of each amplicon.…”