Landscape Patterns in a Disturbed Environment

Krummel, J.R.; Gardner, Robert H.; Sugihara, George; O’Neill, Robert V.; Coleman, Pamela

doi:10.2307/3565520

Cited by 635 publications

(375 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A relationship has been shown between patch size and fractal dimension (Krummel et al 1987); larger patches are expected to be characterized by a larger fractal dimension since their shapes are determined by natural patterns, such as geomorphologic discontinuities; small patches are often anthropogenic and even when they are natural, their shape is usually determined by adjacent anthropogenic patches. Nevertheless, it should be noted that aggregation of anthropogenic patches can generate complex patch geometries which could be confounded with natural landscape elements (Fig.…”

Section: Measuring Anthropogenic Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since it cannot be determined for a single patch (i.e. when multi-scalar information is not available), a regression technique is applied to estimate it for a group of patches with similar geometry (Krummel et al 1987;Imre and Bogaert 2004;Bamba et al 2009Bamba et al , 2010Bogaert et al 2011b;Colson et al 2011;Diallo et al 2011). The statistical regression parameters can consequently be interpreted to validate this hypothesis; to guide the analyst in its selection, a common origin of the patches, i.e.…”

Section: Measuring Anthropogenic Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anthropogenic Effects in Landscapes: Historical Context and Spatial Pattern

Bogaert

Vranken

André

2014

Biocultural Landscapes

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Bio-cultural landscapes are characterized by anthropogenic pattern features, of which the measurement constitutes a key step in landscape analysis. Metrics and strategies for this measurement of anthropogenic patterns and their dynamics are discussed, considering the pattern/process paradigm, the patchcorridor-matrix model and the complementarity of landscape composition and configuration as conceptual benchmarks. Historically, noticeable anthropogenic effects are accepted to have appeared in landscapes after the invention of agriculture and further trends of landscape change could be linked to the development of agriculture. Through time, a sequence of landscape dynamics with three stages is expected, in which a natural landscape matrix is initially substituted by an agricultural one; urban patch types will later on dominate the matrix as a consequence of ongoing urbanization. The importance of the development of agriculture and its productivity for the evolution of settlements, villages and cities is emphasized. Anthropogenic change of landscapes confirms the status of geographical space as a limited resource.

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Section: Measuring Anthropogenic Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measuring Anthropogenic Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic Effects in Landscapes: Historical Context and Spatial Pattern

Bogaert

Vranken

André

2014

Biocultural Landscapes

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“…Indices calculated from the habitat rank maps may represent habitat quality of the landscape for different wildlife species. simultaneously affect its value and because the several formulas of fractal dimension produce a wide range of results ͑Lovejoy 1982; Gardner et al 1987;Krummel et al 1987;Milne 1991;Dale 1999͒. In addition, even though changes in spatial pattern metrics can reflect significant changes in landscape function and integrity, specific thresholds are rarely known ͑Turner et al 2001, p. 329-330͒.…”

Section: Diffıculty In Interpreting Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use and misuse of landscape indices

2004

Landscape Ecology

662

340

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Landscape ecology has generated much excitement in the past two decades. One reason was that it brought spatial analysis and modeling to the forefront of ecological research. However, high expectations for landscape analysis to improve our understanding and prediction of ecological processes have largely been unfulfilled. We identified three kinds of critical issues: conceptual flaws in landscape pattern analysis, inherent limitations of landscape indices, and improper use of pattern indices. For example, many landscape analyses treat quantitative description of spatial pattern as an end itself and fail to explore relationships between pattern and process. Landscape indices and map data are sometimes used without testing their ecological relevance, which may not only confound interpretation of results, but also lead to meaningless results. In addition, correlation analysis with indices is impeded by the lack of data because of difficulties in large-scale experimentation and by complicated behavior of indices because of their varying responses to changes in scale and spatial pattern. These problems represent significant challenges to landscape pattern analysis, especially in terms of relating pattern to process. In this perspective paper, we examine the underlying problems of these challenges and offer some solutions.

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“…Disturbance plays a central role in the dynamics of a wide variety of ecological communities (Karlson and Hurd 1993;Krummel et al 1987). Extreme disturbance can reduce diversity and alter community structure by eliminating species (Petraitis et al 1989;Pickett et al 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tropical storm off Myanmar coast sweeps reefs in Ritchie’s Archipelago, Andaman

Krishnan

George

Vikas³

et al. 2012

Environ Monit Assess

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The reefs in some islands of Andaman and Nicobar suffered severe damage following a tropical storm in the Bay of Bengal off Myanmar coast during 13-17 March 2011. Surveys were conducted at eight sites in Andaman, of which five were located in the Ritchie's Archipelago where maximum wind speeds of 11 ms -1 was observed; and three around Port Blair which lay on the leeward side of the storm and had not experienced wind speeds of more than 9 ms -1 . Corals in the shallow inshore reefs were broken and dislodged by the thrust of the waves. Significant damage in the deeper regions and offshore reefs were caused by the settlement of debris and sand brought down from the shallower regions. The fragile branching corals (Acropora sp.) were reduced to rubbles and the larger boulder corals (Porites sp.) were toppled over or scarred by falling debris. The reefs on the windward side and directly in the path of the storm winds were the worst affected. The investigation exposes the vulnerability of the reefs in Andaman to the oceanographic features which generally remain unnoticed unless the damage is caused to the coastal habitats.

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Landscape Patterns in a Disturbed Environment

Cited by 635 publications

References 5 publications

Anthropogenic Effects in Landscapes: Historical Context and Spatial Pattern

Anthropogenic Effects in Landscapes: Historical Context and Spatial Pattern

Use and misuse of landscape indices

Tropical storm off Myanmar coast sweeps reefs in Ritchie’s Archipelago, Andaman

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