Landscape factors affecting the control of Mamestra brassicae by natural enemies in Brussels sprout

Bianchi, Felix J.J.A.; Wingerden, W.K.R.E. van; Griffioen, A.J.; Veen, M. van der; Straten, M.J.J. van der; Wegman, R.M.A.; Meeuwsen, H.A.M.

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2004.11.007

Cited by 61 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Concepts from landscape ecology predict that arthropod diversity should increase with increasing non-crop area and with increasing habitat complexity. These concepts have been tested in Europe and the United States of America (e.g., Bianchi et al 2005;Duflot et al 2015), but equivalent work has yet to be completed and published for the Prairies Ecozone. Studies conducted at the landscape scale could reveal important factors affecting arthropod populations, and provide information required to develop arthropod and habitat conservation programmes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Midwestern United States of America, carabid beetles, spiders (Araneae), and native Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) were more abundant in soybean (Glycine max (Linnaeus); Fabaceae) fields located in landscapes with higher proportions of natural and disturbed grasslands (Gardiner et al 2009(Gardiner et al , 2010. In The Netherlands, parasitism of Mamestra brassicae (Linnaeus) (Lepidotera: Noctuidae) in Brussels sprout (Brassica oleracea Linnaeus; Brassicaceae) fields increased with the proportion of pastures in the landscape (Bianchi et al 2005). These studies suggest that grasslands are good reservoirs of insect biodiversity and may act as sources of beneficial insects for adjacent crops in agricultural landscapes, although there are exceptions.…”

Section: Grasslands In Agricultural Landscapesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of the agricultural transformation of the Canadian Prairies on grassland arthropods

et al. 2017

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The prairie grasslands have been transformed to become the primary source of agricultural production in Canada. Soon after its establishment, the Biological Survey of Canada recognised the urgent need to document the arthropods of the prairie grasslands, especially in the few pristine remnants. Although this initiative has yielded considerable progress in documenting the species present in the Prairies Ecozone, comprehensive ecological studies are sparse. Landscape effects on arthropods are well studied elsewhere, but no equivalent studies have been published for the Canadian Prairies. Crop rotation varies landscape composition annually, changes host plant resources in fields, and interacts with other agricultural inputs to disturb pest and beneficial arthropods. Despite only a handful of studies on grazing, there is an emerging pattern: moderate grazing increases arthropod diversity and benefits certain arthropod guilds. Abiotic inputs elicit variable responses from different arthropod taxa; Carabidae (Coleoptera) are best studied, with some information available for ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and aquatic arthropods. Biotic inputs include arthropods released for biocontrol of weed and insect pests; evidence indicates that biocontrol agents of insects have a greater potential for impact on native communities of arthropods. The studies reviewed here reveal important trends and research gaps to be addressed in the future.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Grasslands In Agricultural Landscapesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of the agricultural transformation of the Canadian Prairies on grassland arthropods

et al. 2017

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“…Off-crop areas can provide natural enemies with food, especially in the case of parasitoids that need different flower sources as adults, refuge and alternative hosts/prey (Duelli, 1990a,b;Marino and Landis, 1996;Bianchi et al, 2005Bianchi et al, , 2006Landis et al, 2008;Thomson and Hoffmann, 2010). Woody and herbaceous vegetation may also act as sources of pollen and nectar, which are essential prerequisites for many insects.…”

Section: Non-target Arthropods As Drivers Of Pest Control In Agricultmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion addressing the state of the science on risk assessment of plant protection products for non‐target arthropods

Ockleford¹

2015

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Food Safety Authority, the Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues developed an opinion on the science to support the development of a risk assessment scheme of plant protection products for non-target arthropods. The current risk assessment scheme is reviewed, taking into consideration recent workshops and progress in science. Proposals are made for specific protection goals which aim to protect important ecosystem services such as food web support, pest control and biodiversity. In order to address recovery and source-sink population dynamics, conducting a landscape-level risk assessment is suggested. A new risk assessment scheme is suggested which integrates modelling approaches. The main exposure routes for non-target arthropods are identified and proposals are made on how to integrate them in the risk assessment. The appropriateness of the currently used vegetation distribution factor was investigated. It is proposed that new tests be included in order to address exposure via oral uptake of residues and uncertainties related to differences in species sensitivity. As the assessment of effects on biodiversity is not explicitly addressed under the existing guidance documents, appropriate risk assessment methodology needs to be developed. As such, expertise was needed in the different areas of terrestrial ecotoxicology, including non-target arthropods (NTAs). This scientific opinion has been written as a precursor to the guidance document on NTAs.The ESCORT 1 and ESCORT 2 workshops form the basis of current risk assessment methodology, which is focused on beneficial arthropods. In view of the above-mentioned EFSA mandate, the working group of the PPR panel reviewed the current risk assessment, identified NTA key drivers that sustain important ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes and developed specific protection goal options for in-field and off-field areas. A new risk assessment framework was suggested which integrates landscape-level assessments. As key drivers also include species with population ranges larger than the scale of a single field or off-field area, the working group identified the need to additionally study the impact of PPPs on NTAs at landscape level. The working group developed proposals for exposure assessment and testing of effects as well as a method to calibrate the lower tier risk assessments.The specific protection goals are closely linked to the temporal and spatial boundaries in the context of risk assessment. These boundaries relate to the protection goal (i.e. where is the community of interest?), the life history, behaviour and distribution of the identified key drivers and the route and distance covered by the emission coming from the in-field. It is necessary to make a distinction between the area designated for cultivation (= in-field) and the area surrounding a field (= off-field).The off-field can be either (semi-)natural habitat or simple structures (fence or a bare strip of land). In most cases, the off-fie...

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“…Its polyphagous larvae feed mainly on cabbage (Brassica oleracea L., Brassicaceae) and other plants in the genus Brassica, but also on tomato, beet, on ion and some flowers and forest trees (Hill, 1987). The larvae of M. brassicae are attacked by braconid wasps (Johansen, 1997), among which the solitary larval parasitoid, Microplitis mediator (Haliday, 1834) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), is the most impor tant (Bianchi et al, 2005;Lauro et al, 2005). It is a generalist endoparasitoid that is reported from approximately 40 different noctuid hosts (Mir Khan, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rearing of Microplitis mediator (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its host Mamestra brassicae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Belz¹,

Géneau²,

Fürst³

et al. 2014

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Landscape factors affecting the control of Mamestra brassicae by natural enemies in Brussels sprout

Cited by 61 publications

References 19 publications

Impacts of the agricultural transformation of the Canadian Prairies on grassland arthropods

Impacts of the agricultural transformation of the Canadian Prairies on grassland arthropods

Scientific Opinion addressing the state of the science on risk assessment of plant protection products for non‐target arthropods

Rearing of Microplitis mediator (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and its host Mamestra brassicae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

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