Landscape evolution and deduction of surface deformation in the Soan Dun, NW Himalaya, India

Kothyari, Girish Ch; Joshi, N. V.; Taloor, Ajay Kumar; Kandregula, Raj Sunil; Kotlia, Bahadur Singh; Pant, Charu C.; Singh, Rohit Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2019.02.016

Cited by 52 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Further work on fault related parameters, gradient-length anomaly (GLA) analysis, and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (In-SAR) measurements have been conducted by Kothyari et al (2019a) to understand the landscape evolution and deformation pattern within the Soan dun area of northwest Himalayan front. The analysis of fault parameters suggests that the horizontal shortening of northwest Himalaya is higher than the vertical uplift.…”

Section: Nw Himalayamentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleoseismological Studies in India (2016-2020): Status and Prospects

Rajendran¹,

Singh²,

Mukul³

et al. 2020

PINSA

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The last few years have witnessed consistent growth in paleoseismic investigations and active fault research in India. An overview of relevant publications during 2016-2020 indicates that this field is now widely accepted as a tool to characterize the seismic hazard in the country. Such studies initiated in the country in early nineties have gained momentum and widened its scope into a variety of tectonic and morphological settings.While earthquake frequency and fault activations are major objectives of such studies, the Indian researchers are now equally interested in constraining the fault geometry and the nature of near-surface crustal deformation, thereby contributing to earthquake hazard evaluations. This has been driven by an ever-increasing interaction between experts from associated fields like geomorphology, neotectonics, seismology, geodesy, modeling etc. Future challenges would include integrating the paleoseismological observations with the relevant geophysical inputs to develop physical models of the earthquake cycles, ultimately leading to an inventory of the active faults. Although there are gaps and disagreements on how things operated at different spatial and temporal scales, there have been broad agreements in general. The future should focus on evolving new strategies and methodologies to integrate different datasets in a coherent manner to yield practically relevant results and models that can explain data from various spatial and temporal scales.

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Section: Nw Himalayamentioning

confidence: 99%

Paleoseismological Studies in India (2016-2020): Status and Prospects

Rajendran¹,

Singh²,

Mukul³

et al. 2020

PINSA

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“…49,50 The youthfulness and spectacular exposure of Himalayan terrain makes it ideal orogeny to study variety of geological process. 51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58 The Himalayan orogeny and the lithospheric deformation have aggravate dintense research in recent years. 59,60,61,62 The landscape modification in the Himalayan thrust zones is result of tectonics and surface geological processes viz, erosion, weathering, upliftment and frangible lithology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric Analysis of Tectonically Active Bhimtal-Naukuchiatal Lake Basin, Kumaun Himalaya

Gururani,

Kotlia,

Chand

et al. 2023

Curr. World Environ

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Bhimtal-Naukuchiatal region, which is an integral part of the Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, is sensitive to natural disasters and has a fragile environment as a result of neotectonic activity along the thrust and secondary thrust/faults. With regard to neotectonic activity, this study aims to comprehend the tectonic instability of the basin. Morphometric analysis is a computable research of landforms that is crucial to understanding how the landscape has evolved in response to nearby tectonic activity. In present exercise we have calculated ten morphometric indices, viz., Valley floor width-height ratio (Vf), Hypsometric Integral (HI), Stream-Length gradient Index (SL), Bifurcation ratio (Rb), Drainage density (Dd), Stream Order (Sµ) and average Sinuosity (S), Relief (H), steepness (Ksn), Chi integral (?) and Asymmetric Factor (AF). The result shows low values of Vf indicate high upliftment rate, more incision and less channel down cutting. Most morphometric results suggest tilted basin, resulting in V-shaped valleys and a distorted and unstable longitudinal profile, which indicate the area is governed by both tectonics and lithology. The field geomorphic features along with the software based calculations suggest that the Bhowali-Bhimtal-Naukuchiatal is tectonically active zone.

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“…the 1905 Kangra ~Mw 8 (Middlemiss, 1910), the 1934 Bihar–Nepal Mw 8.1 (Dunn, Auden, Gosh, & Roy, 1939), the 1950 Assam (now Arunachal) Mw 8.6 (Chen & Molnar, 1990), and the 1897 Shillong (Assam) Mw >8 (Oldham, 1899) (Figure 2). These earthquakes ruptured the Himalayan arc along its strike (Kothyari et al, 2019). Based on the historical seismicity, three major seismic gaps were identified along the Himalayan arc: (a) western seismic gap between the 1555 Kashmir Earthquake and the 1905 Kangra Earthquake; (b) central seismic gap between the 1905 Kangra Earthquake and the 1934 Bihar–Nepal Earthquake; and (c) eastern seismic gap between the 1934 Bihar Earthquake and the 1950 Assam Earthquake (Joshi & Thakur, 2016; Khattri, 1987, 1999; Rajendran & Rajendran, 2005) (Figure 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the 1905 Kangra ~Mw 8 (Middlemiss, 1910), the 1934 Bihar-Nepal Mw 8.1 (Dunn, Auden, Gosh, & Roy, 1939), the 1950 Assam (now Arunachal) Mw 8.6 (Chen & Molnar, 1990), and the 1897 Shillong (Assam) Mw >8 (Oldham, 1899) (Figure 2). These earthquakes ruptured the Himalayan arc along its strike (Kothyari et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐seismic landslides in the Sikkim Himalaya during the 2011 Sikkim Earthquake: Lesson learned from the past and inference for the future

Joshi

2022

Geological Journal

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Sikkim, a north‐eastern state of India, has a very specific and unique place in the tourism map of India. Every year, lakhs of people visit the state. To accommodate such floating population in the area, some big towered home stays/hotels have been constructed. However, the area is under the threat of many natural disasters such as earthquake, landslide, land subsidence, cloudburst, etc. In the year 2021, within a span of 8 months (April–November), the Sikkim state hosted four light to moderate earthquakes (Mw 4.1–Mw 5.1). Out of these, the strongest earthquake (Mw 5.1) occurred on 5 April 2021, which was well experienced in the parts of Indian states (i.e., Sikkim, West Bengal, Bihar) and across International borders, viz Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. Fortunately, this earthquake did not cause any major damage in the region. However, in the last two decades, one moderate (Mw 5.3) and one strong earthquake (Mw 6.9) has occurred in the Sikkim region on 14 Feb 2006 and 18 September 2011, respectively. Both of these earthquakes caused well enough damage to the residential as well as commercial buildings. Apart from infrastructural degeneracy, the 2011 Sikkim Earthquake (Mw 6.9) also caused generation of co‐seismic landslides within ~100 km epicentral distance from the earthquake. After a decade, from the 2011 earthquake, Gangtok city and other parts of the state have been rebuilt and reconstructed again, but most of the newly constructed and old refurbished buildings are established in the steep slope areas without considering the geotechnical properties of the underlying soil. These structures could be vulnerable during moderate to strong earthquakes. Therefore, the present study unfurled a question “Did we learn any lesson from the 2011 Sikkim Earthquake?”. Furthermore, the study calls for earthquake hazard adaptation measures in the tectonically sensitive Himalayan region in order to safeguard the lives and vital infrastructure.

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Landscape evolution and deduction of surface deformation in the Soan Dun, NW Himalaya, India

Cited by 52 publications

References 92 publications

Paleoseismological Studies in India (2016-2020): Status and Prospects

Paleoseismological Studies in India (2016-2020): Status and Prospects

Morphometric Analysis of Tectonically Active Bhimtal-Naukuchiatal Lake Basin, Kumaun Himalaya

Co‐seismic landslides in the Sikkim Himalaya during the 2011 Sikkim Earthquake: Lesson learned from the past and inference for the future

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