Landscape Effects on Breeding Songbird Abundance in Managed Forests

Lichstein, Jeremy W.; Simons, Theodore R.; Franzreb, Kathleen E.

doi:10.2307/3060993

Cited by 97 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…Although the influence of habitat loss and fragmentation on occurrence and abundance of songbirds has been examined (McGarigal & McComb 1995; Villard et al 1999; Lichstein et al 2002), few researchers have examined the influence of forest fragmentation and loss on demography of forest songbirds (Lampila et al 2005). In the only other study conducted in a landscape dominated by forests managed for timber, Bayne and Hobson (2002) found that Ovenbirds’ ( Seiurus aurocapillus ) apparent survival in fragments is lower than in contiguous forest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because both mobbing and species‐specific playbacks are audible by birds at >100 m (Betts et al 2005), our search area was approximately 7 ha (radius of 150 m)—which is 3–7 times the size of a typical Blackburnian or Black‐Throated Green Warbler territory (Morse 2004, 2005; Young et al 2005). Although this search area is smaller than that in previous studies of apparent survival of songbirds (10 ha; Sillett and Holmes [2002], 2600 ha; Bayne and Hobson [2002], 25 ha) and reduced our ability to detect dispersal events, we considered this smaller area necessary to achieve a large sample size across a full gradient of amount of mature forest cover and to avoid spatial auto‐correlation as a result of all captured individuals occurring in close proximity to each other (Lichstein et al 2002).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spatially extensive habitat loss and fragmentation have moderate to strong influences on songbird occurrence, abundance, and density (McGarigal & McComb 1995; Villard et al 1999; Lichstein et al 2002). However, little is known about the mechanisms driving observed patterns in abundance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Negative Effects of Habitat Loss on Survival of Migrant Warblers in a Forest Mosaic

Zitske

Betts

Diamond

2011

Conservation Biology

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Habitat loss and fragmentation in forested landscapes often negatively affect animal abundance; however, whether these factors also affect fitness is not well known. We hypothesized that observed decreases in bird occurrence and abundance in landscapes with harvested forests are associated with reduced apparent survival of adults. We defined apparent survival as an estimate of survival that accounts for an imperfect resighting probability, but not permanent emigration (i.e., dispersal). We examined the association between spatially extensive habitat loss and apparent survival of males of 2 Neotropical migrant species, Blackburnian Warbler (Dendroica fusca) and Black-Throated Green Warbler (D. virens), over 7 years in the Greater Fundy Ecosystem, New Brunswick, Canada. We estimated apparent survival among and within breeding seasons. We quantified amount of habitat in the context of individual species. In this landscape, boundaries between land-cover types are gradual rather than clearly identifiable and abrupt. Estimated apparent within-season survival of both species decreased as a function of amount of habitat within a 2000-m radius; survival was approximately 12 times (95% CI 3.43-14) greater in landscapes with 85% habitat than in landscapes with 10% habitat. Apparent annual survival also decreased as a function of amount of habitat within a 100-m radius. Over the range of habitat amount, apparent annual survival decreased 15% (95% CI 7-29%) as the amount of habitat decreased. Our results suggest that reduced species occurrence in landscapes with low proportions of habitat is due partly to lower apparent survival at these sites. This mechanism operates both directly (i.e., via effects on mortality or dispersal during breeding) and possibly through indirect effects during the nonbreeding season. Habitat loss was associated not only with a lower number of individuals, but also with lower survival of those individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Negative Effects of Habitat Loss on Survival of Migrant Warblers in a Forest Mosaic

Zitske

Betts

Diamond

2011

Conservation Biology

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“…We expected forest status within 25 m to be representative of forest status within the 75‐m radius of the bird count. As a measure of local landform, which can influence vegetation structure and composition and bird distributions (Lichstein et al 2002; Mitchell et al 2006), we computed topographic wetness index values. The index was a continuous variable.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multispecies Framework for Landscape Conservation Planning

Schwenk

Donovan

2011

Conservation Biology

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Rapidly changing landscapes have spurred the need for quantitative methods for conservation assessment and planning that encompass large spatial extents. We devised and tested a multispecies framework for conservation planning to complement single-species assessments and ecosystem-level approaches. Our framework consisted of 4 elements: sampling to effectively estimate population parameters, measuring how human activity affects landscapes at multiple scales, analyzing the relation between landscape characteristics and individual species occurrences, and evaluating and comparing the responses of multiple species to landscape modification. We applied the approach to a community of terrestrial birds across 25,000 km(2) with a range of intensities of human development. Human modification of land cover, road density, and other elements of the landscape, measured at multiple spatial extents, had large effects on occupancy of the 67 species studied. Forest composition within 1 km of points had a strong effect on occupancy of many species and a range of negative, intermediate, and positive associations. Road density within 1 km of points, percent evergreen forest within 300 m, and distance from patch edge were also strongly associated with occupancy for many species. We used the occupancy results to group species into 11 guilds that shared patterns of association with landscape characteristics. Our multispecies approach to conservation planning allowed us to quantify the trade-offs of different scenarios of land-cover change in terms of species occupancy.

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“…Intensively managed forest is a dominant land‐cover type of the southeastern United States, covering >12 million ha in the region (Smith et al ) with >270 million ha of managed forests worldwide, or approximately 6.9% of the total global forest (Del Lungo et al , Lindenmayer et al ). Managed forests often promote spatial heterogeneity via distinct forest patches featuring structurally and compositionally diverse vegetation with increased amount and type of edges (Murcia , Lichstein et al , Ries and Sisk , Ries et al , Rand et al ). Structure and spatial arrangement of patches may influence reproductive outcomes in breeding birds by mediating nest site selection, nest survival, and predator–prey dynamics (Martin , Kolbe and Janzen , Chalfoun and Martin ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of forest structure and harvest‐induced edges on predation risk

et al. 2018

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Managed forest systems have implications for wildlife conservation because of their direct influence on condition and distribution of forest patches on the landscape. Spatial arrangement, structure, and composition of patches can influence reproductive outcomes for breeding birds by mediating nest site selection, survival, and predator-prey dynamics. Few studies have explored effects of local and adjacent forest-stand structure and harvest-induced edges on nest predation risk. Therefore, during summer 2014, we conducted artificial nest experiments within an intensively managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) landscape in Mississippi, USA. We used survival models to quantify effects of forest stand structure and proximity to harvest-induced edges on apparent predation risk (APR). We conducted vegetation surveys and placed artificial nests (n ¼ 146) at systematic distances from edges between 4 different pine stand types (Class 1: newly established stands; Class 2: 3-5 yr old; Class 3: 5-10 yr old; and Class 4: >10 yr old and postthinned). We sampled 4 stand pairs, each consisting of a Class 1 stand adjacent to a stand type of Class 1 (n ¼ 4), 2 (n ¼ 3), 3 (n ¼ 4), or 4 (n ¼ 4), and developed 15 a priori models relating APR to edge and vegetation characteristics. Apparent predation risk tended to be low and negatively related to edge where adjacent stands featured high proportion of shrub cover and vegetation density. We did not find strong evidence to support increased risk of nest predation near edges. These results were consistent with findings from studies in similar landscape contexts and suggest edges in forestdominated landscapes do not increase relative risk of nest predation. Rather, we found that APR was lowest in stands featuring dense shrub and vegetation cover that developed following clearcut harvest. Results of our study highlight some implications of forest harvest on reproductive success of birds, particularly those using early successional vegetation. Ó 2018 The Wildlife Society.

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Landscape Effects on Breeding Songbird Abundance in Managed Forests

Cited by 97 publications

References 0 publications

Negative Effects of Habitat Loss on Survival of Migrant Warblers in a Forest Mosaic

Negative Effects of Habitat Loss on Survival of Migrant Warblers in a Forest Mosaic

A Multispecies Framework for Landscape Conservation Planning

Effects of forest structure and harvest‐induced edges on predation risk

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