Landscape Development Trends of Central Lika in Interrelation to Demographic Inter-Census Changes

Abstract

This paper aims to determine the landscape development trends of Central Lika and to analyze their interrelation with observed demographic inter-census changes. For this purpose, Landsat multispectral images and census data of the Croatian Bureau of Statistics were used for both observed years, and appropriate methods of analysis were selected. In the analysis of the satellite images, an approach was used that involves the use of data sets that are related to spring and autumn. Using the ENVI 4.7 computer programme, five classes were defined for each analyzed year: Built land, Forest, Water bodies, Arable land, Grass and shrubs, while five landscape development trends and their surface shares were identified based on their interrelation in the observed period (1991−2011): Unchanged (87.7 %), Extensification and vegetation succession (7.6 %), Intensification (2.8 %), Upbuilding (1.5 %), Water bodies (0.4 %). The obtained results showed that Upbuilding and Intensification are more represented in the central area, which is in line with the least negative demographic indicators, and with the process of urbanisation of the Town of Gospić. Extensification and vegetation succession is more prevalent in peripheral areas, where the most negative demographic indicators are more pronounced, which was found to be in line with the process of deruralisation and deagrarisation. By analyzing landscape development trends and the processes of the Central Lika landscape from different perspectives and aspects, this study allows for their better understanding.

Modelling land use and land cover changes in the Lower Neretva Region

“…In the last 10 years, Croatian authors have analysed land use and land cover throughout Croatia using satellite imagery. Most of the papers have recorded similar patterns of change such as agricultural land abandonment and reforestation (Valožić and Cvitanović, 2011;Horvat, 2013;Cvitanović 2014a;2014b;Valožić, 2014;2015;Cvitanović et al, 2016;Jogun, 2016;Cvitanović et al, 2017;Jogun et al, 2017;Šetka et al, 2021, Hamzić, 2022a, Hamzić, 2022b. Land cover changes, such as deforestation, reforestation, and swamp reduction, affect socio-economic development and the environment differently.…”