Landscape Design Intensity and Its Associated Complexity of Forest Landscapes in Relation to Preference and Eye Movements

Abstract

Understanding how people perceive landscapes is essential for the design of forest landscapes. The study investigates how design intensity affects landscape complexity, preference, and eye movements for urban forest settings. Eight groups of twenty-four pictures, representing lawn, path, and waterscape settings in urban forests, with each type of setting having two groups of pictures and one group having four pictures, were selected. The four pictures in each group were classified into slight, low, medium, and high design intensities. A total of 76 students were randomly assigned to observe one group of pictures within each type of landscape with an eye-tracking apparatus and give ratings of complexity and preference. The results indicate that design intensity was positively associated with subjective landscape complexity but was positively or negatively related to objective landscape complexity in three types of settings. Subjective landscape complexity was found to significantly contribute to visual preference across landscape types, while objective landscape complexity did not contribute to preference. In addition, the marginal effect of medium design intensity on preference was greater than that of low and high design intensity in most cases. Moreover, although some eye movement metrics were significantly related to preference in lawn settings, none were found to be indicative predictors for preference. The findings enrich research in visual preference and assist landscape designers during the design process to effectively arrange landscape design intensity in urban forests.

Application of ImageJ in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT‐A): A Literature Review

“…The typical value for the FD range of the chorioretinal vasculature in human eyes is 1-2. This number characterizes the amount of space filled by chorioretinal vascular branches or the complexity of vascular branching [ 52 ]. Different thresholding methods result in different amounts of FD as a sample shown in Table 1 .…”

Landsenses in Green Spaces

“…Results indicated that the public preferred a scenario with a high proportion of trees, relatively open space, mild and uniform color tones, suitability for movement, and the ability to produce a restorative and peaceful atmosphere. Shen et al combined objective and subjective landscape complexity to investigate the effects of landscape design intensity on preference and eye movement [19]. They suggested that the significant relationship between objective or subjective landscape complexity, or preference and eye movement metrics, was dependent on landscape types.…”