Landscape and Fragment Size Effects on Reproductive Success of Forest-Breeding Birds in Ontario

Burke, Dawn M.; Nol, Erica

doi:10.2307/2641236

Cited by 58 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…Often, the smallest fragments where a species occurs may have only a single or a few singing males, often without mates. With increasing habitat size, pairing success may increase, but only within a relatively large fragment does one find abundance, pairing success, and nesting success patterns that are typical of large, contiguous habitats (Van Horn et al 1995, Burke andNol 2000). Similarly, the kinds of prospecting behaviors associated with locating the most propitious potential nesting site may necessitate larger areas of contiguous habitat than previously recognized (Sandercock et al 2000, Martin et al 2006T.…”

Section: Habitat Fragmentation and Conservationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Recent advances in understanding migration systems of New World land birds

Faaborg

Holmes

Anders

et al. 2010

Ecological Monographs

277

259

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Abstract. Our understanding of migratory birds' year-round ecology and evolution remains patchy despite recent fundamental advances. Periodic reviews focus future research and inform conservation and management; here, we take advantage of our combined experiences working on Western Hemisphere avian migration systems to highlight recent lessons and critical gaps in knowledge. Among topics discussed are: (1) The pipeline from pure to applied researchers leaves room for improvement. (2) Population limitation and regulation includes both seasonal and between-season interactions. (3) The study of movements of small-bodied species remains a major research frontier. (4) We must increase our understanding of population connectivity. (5) With few exceptions, population regulation has barely been investigated. (6) We have increasingly integrated landscape configuration of habitats, large-scale habitat disturbances, and habitat quality impacts into models of seasonal and overall demographic success. (7) The post-breeding season (late summer for latitudinal migrants) is increasingly appreciated for its impacts on demography. (8) We recognize the diverse ways that avian brood parasites, nest predators, and food availability affect demography. (9) Source-sink and meta-population models help us understand migratory avian distributions among fragmented habitats. (10) Advances in modeling have improved estimates of annual survival and fecundity, but for few species. (11) Populations can be limited by ecological conditions in winter, but habitat needs are poorly known for most species at this time. (12) Migration tends to occupy broad spatial fronts that may change seasonally or when migrants cross major barriers. En route conditions can limit migrant populations; linking migration habitat quality indicators to fitness or population consequences presents a major challenge. (14) A variety of intra-tropical Neotropical migration patterns are recognizable, but almost nothing is known about these systems beyond descriptions of a few typical species' movements. (15) Global climate change scenarios predict range and phenology shifts of Neotropical migrant bird populations that must be considered in conservation plans. Future studies will depend on new technologies and the integration of modeling with sophisticated, large-spatial-scale measurement and parameter estimation; whether the pace of research and management involving migratory birds can match the growth of environmental threats remains to be seen.

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Section: Habitat Fragmentation and Conservationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Recent advances in understanding migration systems of New World land birds

Faaborg

Holmes

Anders

et al. 2010

Ecological Monographs

277

259

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Habitat specialists are likely to disperse from reserve areas in times of high regional nesting success to more marginal nesting areas, where they may be exposed to increased predation and competition (Soulé et al 1988, Hinsley et al 1996, Helzer and Jelinski 1999, Rottenborn 1999, Burke and Nol 2000. Thus, further research on bird dispersal and settlement patterns may help to explain the mechanism of spatial structuring in bird communities, especially in urban areas.…”

Section: Speculation: Natal Dispersal Landscape Complementation Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Bird Diversity and Landscape Complexity: Species-environment Associations Along a Multiscale Habitat Gradient

Melles¹,

Glenn²,

Martin³

2003

367

267

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ABSTRACT. For birds in urban environments, the configuration of local habitat within the landscape may be as critical as the composition of the local habitat itself. We examined the relative importance of environmental attributes (e.g., tree cover, composition, and number of tree species) measured at different spatial scales in relation to urban bird species richness and abundance. We expected that some bird species and nesting guilds would have a closer association with landscape-level features (within 1000 m), such as proximity to large forested areas, than with local-scale habitat measures (within 50 m). To investigate this, avian community data were collected at 285 point-count stations in 1997 and 1998 along four roadside transects located in Vancouver and Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. Transects (5-25 km in length) bisected three large parks (>324 ha) and proceeded along residential streets in urban and suburban areas. In total, 48 bird species were observed, including 25 common species. Species richness declined in relation to a gradient of increasing urbanization, as measured by local-and landscape-level habitat features. We further examined the significance and importance of local-vs. landscapelevel habitat attributes using logistic regression and found that both scales explained the presence/absence distributions of residential birds. Local-scale habitat features such as large coniferous trees, berry-producing shrubs, and freshwater streams were of particular importance in estimating the likelihood of finding bird species. Landscape measures, particularly forest cover (within 500 m) and park area (measured at different scales as a function of distance from point-count stations) significantly improved likelihood estimations based solely on local-scale habitat features. Our results suggest that both local-and landscape-scale resources were important in determining the distribution of birds in urban areas. Parks, reserves, and the surrounding residential areas should be integrated into urban planning and development designs to maintain resident avifauna and overall species diversity in urban environments.

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“…Clearly, however, using ED to quantify the amount of edge per unit area in a landscape could be problematic due to the markedly nonlinear response of the metric. Thus, while edge effects have been demonstrated to be one of the most important consequences of fragmentation ͑e.g., Demaynadier and Hunter 1998;Gibbs 1998;Bergin et al 2000;Boulet and Darveau 2000;Burke and Nol 2000;Gehlhausen et al 2000;Mancke and Gavin 2000;Euskirchen et al 2001͒, ED may not be the best way to quantify the effects. Further, recent studies have shown that edge effects are dependent on landscape composition and context ͑e.g., contrast between focal habitat and adjacent patches and amount of like habitat in the vicinity of fragments͒ ͑e.g., Heske et al 2001͒.…”

Section: Parabolic Distributions Along the P Gradientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of class-level landscape metrics across gradients of class aggregation and area

2004

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Habitat loss and fragmentation processes strongly affect biodiversity conservation in landscapes undergoing anthropogenic land use changes. Many attempts have been made to use landscape structure metrics to quantify the independent and joint effects of these processes. Unfortunately, ecological interpretation of those metrics has been plagued by lack of thorough understanding of their theoretical behavior. We explored behavior of 50 metrics in neutral landscapes across a 21-step gradient in aggregation and a 19-step gradient in area using a full factorial design with 100 replicates of each of the 399 combinations of the two factors to assess how well metrics reflected changes in landscape structure. Metric values from real landscapes were used to determine the extent of neutral landscape space that is represented in real landscapes. We grouped metrics into three major behavioral classes: strongly related to focal class area ͑nϭ15͒, strongly related to aggregation ͑nϭ7͒, and jointly responding to area and aggregation ͑nϭ28͒. Metrics strongly related to class area exhibited a variety of distinct behaviors, and many of these metrics have unique interpretations that make each of them particularly useful in certain applications. Metrics strongly related to aggregation, independent of class area, are particularly useful in assessing effects of fragmentation. Moreover, metrics in this group exhibited a range of specific behaviors, highlighting subtle but different aspects of landscape aggregation even though we controlled only one aspect of aggregation. The non-linear behavior exhibited by many metrics renders interpretation difficult and use of linear analytical techniques inappropriate under many circumstances. Ultimately, comprehensive characterization of landscapes undergoing habitat loss and fragmentation will require using several metrics distributed across behavioral groups.

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Landscape and Fragment Size Effects on Reproductive Success of Forest-Breeding Birds in Ontario

Cited by 58 publications

References 0 publications

Recent advances in understanding migration systems of New World land birds

Recent advances in understanding migration systems of New World land birds

Urban Bird Diversity and Landscape Complexity: Species-environment Associations Along a Multiscale Habitat Gradient

Behavior of class-level landscape metrics across gradients of class aggregation and area

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