Landmark article, July 18, 1953: Coronary disease among United States soldiers killed in action in Korea. Preliminary report. By William F. Enos, Robert H. Holmes and James Beyer

Enos, William F.

doi:10.1001/jama.256.20.2859

Cited by 58 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…These results support existing literature that has demonstrated higher cIMT values in patients with CKD [34, 35], or end-stage renal disease [36]. Children with CKD on dialysis or following renal transplant have also demonstrated increased cIMT and fIMT values compared to healthy children [10-12, 37-39].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

The Relationship between Carotid and Femoral Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Histopathologic Grade of Atherosclerosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Nezami

Ghabili

Shokouhi-Gogani

et al. 2018

Nephron

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Background/Aims: Variability in the grade of atherosclerosis among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) could affect the ultrasound measurements of intima media thickness (IMT). We sought to investigate IMTs of carotid (cIMT) and femoral (fIMT) arteries in CKD patients and assess the degree of their correlation with histopathological atherosclerosis. Methods: Eighty-nine out of 99 enrolled subjects completed this study. The subjects were divided into 3 groups: 34 patients with CKD (Case group), 31 with coronary artery disease undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG, positive control group), and 24 healthy kidney donors (negative control group). For histopathological assessment of atherosclerosis, arterial tissue samples were obtained from the patients in each study group. The cIMT and fIMTs were measured by ultrasonography. Results: Histopathological atherosclerosis was present in 82.3, 100, and 20.8% of CKD, CABG, and donor groups respectively (p < 0.001). CKD patients had higher values of cIMT and fIMT than the donor group (p = 0.01 and 0.004, respectively). cIMT was positively correlated with the grade of atherosclerosis in the CKD group only (p < 0.001), while fIMT was correlated with the grade of atherosclerosis in both CKD and donor groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.009 respectively). In CKD patients, cIMT >0.65 mm and femoral values >0.57 mm predicted the presence of histopathological atherosclerosis with sensitivities of 96 and 92% respectively. Conclusion: Higher values of cIMT and fIMT in CKD patients are associated with higher rates and degrees of histopathological atherosclerosis. Additionally, when compared to fIMT, cIMT has a higher sensitivity for detecting atherosclerosis in CKD patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

The Relationship between Carotid and Femoral Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Histopathologic Grade of Atherosclerosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Nezami

Ghabili

Shokouhi-Gogani

et al. 2018

Nephron

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“…Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) [1] and there is clear evidence that cardiovascular disease has its origins in childhood and adolescence [2–5]. Inflammation and vascular endothelial injury are early events in nearly all forms of cardiovascular disease and several studies have shown that these biomarkers are also elevated in adolescents with type 1 diabetes prior to the clinical development of cardiovascular complications [6, 7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycemic variability predicts inflammation in adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Hoffman

Dye

Huang

et al. 2016

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Background Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have increased risk of cardiovascular disease as well as elevations in biomarkers of systemic inflammation, plasma protein oxidation and vascular endothelial injury. It is unclear whether hyperglycemia itself, or variations in blood glucose are predictors of these abnormalities. Methods This study was designed to determine the relationship of inflammatory (C-reactive protein, CRP), oxidative (total anti-oxidative capacity, TAOC) and endothelial injury (soluble intracellular adhesion molecule 1, sICAM1) markers to glycemic control measures from 3 days of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and to hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and HbA1c × duration area under the curve (A1cDur). Results Seventeen adolescents (8 F/9M; age, 13.1 ± 1.6 years (mean±SD); duration, 4.8 ± 3.8 years, BMI, 20.3 ± 3.1 kg/m2; A1c, 8.3 ± 1.2%) were studied. Log CRP but was not related to age, duration, body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, or A1cDUR. TAOC increased as logA1cDUR increased (n = 13, r = 0.61, p = 0.028). CRP and sICAM were not related to CGM average glucose but log CRP increased as 3 day glucose standard deviation increased (r = 0.66, p = 0.006). TAOC increased as glucose standard deviation increased (r = 0.63, p = 0.028). Conclusions Increased glucose variability is associated with increased inflammation in adolescents withT1D. Increased TAOC with increasing variability may be an effort to compensate for the ongoing oxidative stress.

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“…Remarkably, these pathological changes were not found in the Korean soldiers, a fact, which Enos, like de Langen, attributed to differences in their diet. [356] A deepened understanding of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis came from research addressing the question of how lipophilic compounds were transported in blood. Along with food, humans take up various lipids (fats, cholesterol and its esters), which are important sources of energy, essential precursors for the biogenesis of steroid hormones, and indispensable components of many cell membranes.…”

Section: Feodor Lynen (1911-1979) (A) and Konrad Emil Bloch (1912-200mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmaceuticals

Schaefer

2014

Natural Products in the Chemical Industry

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A boy who is born in Germany today has a probable life expectancy of around 77 years, and a girl one of 82 years -twice as long as in the year 1880. This increase is a consequence of both, better living circumstances -working conditions, food, clothing, housing -, and also a result of more comprehensive medical care. Thus, a whole range of infectious diseases has been wiped out, or brought at least under control, and the mortality rate for civilisation-and age-related diseases has dropped. Vaccinations and drugs play a key role in this outcome. The 20th century is characterised especially by the worldwide blossoming of the pharmaceutical industry. More and more, the targeted search for and development of new drugs have replaced serendipitous discoveries (Fig. 5.1). Pharmaceuticals of the last century.

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Landmark article, July 18, 1953: Coronary disease among United States soldiers killed in action in Korea. Preliminary report. By William F. Enos, Robert H. Holmes and James Beyer

Cited by 58 publications

References 0 publications

The Relationship between Carotid and Femoral Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Histopathologic Grade of Atherosclerosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

The Relationship between Carotid and Femoral Artery Intima-Media Thickness and Histopathologic Grade of Atherosclerosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Glycemic variability predicts inflammation in adolescents with type 1 diabetes

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